Sputa C L, Paulson S E
Department of Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0595, USA.
Psychol Rep. 1995 Feb;76(1):43-51. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.43.
The purposes of this study were to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in achievement, to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in parenting, and to examine whether parenting style and parental involvement serve as mediators of birth-order and family-size differences in achievement. Subjects were 195 ninth-grade boys and girls and their parents from urban, suburban, and rural communities in the southeast and the midwest. Questionnaire measures of adolescents' and parents' perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement were used. Birth-order and family-size differences were found in adolescents' achievement and perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement but not in parents' perceptions of parenting. However, these parenting characteristics did not mediate the differences seen in achievement by birth order and family size. Implications of these findings are discussed.
本研究的目的是确认出生顺序和家庭规模在成就方面的差异，确认出生顺序和家庭规模在养育方式上的差异，并检验养育方式和父母参与出生顺序和家庭规模在成就方面的差异是否通过养育方式和父母参与度起到中介作用。研究对象是来自东南部和中西部城市、郊区及农村社区的195名九年级男女生及其父母。采用问卷方式测量青少年和父母对养育方式及父母参与度的看法。研究发现，青少年的成就、对养育方式的看法以及父母参与度方面存在出生顺序和家庭规模的差异，但父母对养育方式的看法不存在此类差异。然而，这些养育特征并未在出生顺序和家庭规模所导致的成就差异中起到中介作用。文中讨论了这些研究结果的意义。
