García Fernando, Gracia Enrique
Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Metodologia, Valencia, Spain.
Adolescence. 2009 Spring;44(173):101-31.
The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum youth outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families. A sample of 1,416 teenagers from 12 to 17 years of age, of whom 57.2% were females, reported on their parents' child-rearing practices. The teenagers' parents were classified into one of four groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful). The adolescents were then contrasted on four different outcomes: (1) self-esteem (academic, social, emotional, family and physical); (2) psychosocial maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional irresponsiveness, emotional instability, and negative worldview); (3) personal competence (social competence, grade point average, and number of failing grades); and (4) problem behaviors (school misconduct, delinquency, and drug use). Results showed that both the indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were associated with better outcomes than authoritarian and neglectful parenting. Overall, our results supported the idea that in Spain the optimum style of parenting is the indulgent one, as adolescents' scores in the four sets of youth outcomes were equal or better than the authoritative style of parenting.
本文旨在确定西班牙家庭中哪种养育方式与青少年的最佳成长结果相关。对1416名12至17岁的青少年进行了抽样调查，其中57.2%为女性，他们报告了父母的育儿方式。青少年的父母被分为四组（权威型、专制型、放任型或忽视型）之一。然后将青少年在四种不同结果方面进行对比：（1）自尊（学业、社交、情感、家庭和身体方面）；（2）心理社会适应不良（敌意/攻击性、消极自尊、消极自我效能感、情绪反应迟钝、情绪不稳定和消极世界观）；（3）个人能力（社交能力、平均绩点和不及格成绩数量）；以及（4）问题行为（学校行为不端、犯罪和吸毒）。结果表明，放任型和权威型养育方式都比专制型和忽视型养育方式带来更好的结果。总体而言，我们的结果支持了这样一种观点，即在西班牙，最佳的养育方式是放任型，因为青少年在四组成长结果方面的得分与权威型养育方式相当或更好。
