Functional interaction between the homeotic genes fbp1 and pMADS1 during petunia floral organogenesis.

The petunia MADS box floral binding protein (fbp) gene 1 represents a class B homeotic gene determining the identity of second and third floral whorl organs. Suppression of fbp1, which is highly homologous to the Antirrhinum gene globosa and Arabidopsis gene pistillata, results in the conversion of petals to sepals and stamens to carpels. In contrast to fbp1, the petunia homeotic gene pMADS1, encoding a protein homologous to the Antirrhinum protein DEFICIENS, has been shown to be involved in the formation of petals only. We demonstrated that the induction of fbp1 is established independent of pMADS1, whereas at later developmental stages, fbp1 is up-regulated by pMADS1 in petals. On the other hand, the induction and maintenance of pMADS1 expression are not affected by fbp1. To obtain information about the functional interaction between fbp1 and pMADS1, an fbp1 cosuppression mutant with mild phenotypic alterations was crossed with a green petals mutant in which pMADS1 expression was abolished. Progeny plants, heterozygous for the pMADS1 gene, had flowers with a more pronounced reversion from petals into sepals than was observed for the parent fbp1 mutant. The morphology of the third whorl organs was not changed. These observations, together with expression levels of pMADS1 and fbp1 in mutant flowers, provide evidence for functional control of fbp1 by PMADS1 in vivo.