Materia E, Imoko J, Berhe G, Dawuda C, Omar M A, Pinto A, Guerra R
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
East Afr Med J. 1995 Jan;72(1):15-8.
The role of rapid health assessment in generating data other than routine reporting for a multi-element primary health care information system is presented. Rapid surveys, based on the adaptation of the WHO/EPI cluster survey methodology, may generate reliable and valid results useful for the support of a managerial PHC information system. However, because of the limitations inherent to the method, so far, only few studies have investigated more than few PHC related issues. The experience of a household rapid survey conducted in Arua District, Uganda, using a modified EPI cluster survey methodology, is reported. Rapid appraisal methods were used to prioritize the information requirement and to identify the survey items. Fully supervised teams of primary school teachers were used as interviewers. Data processing, check and analysis were speeded up by a lap-top computer, in spite of problems of erratic power. Within a 10-day time span between the start of the survey and the publishing of results, data on health services' utilization, health seeking behaviour, coverage of PHC services, including immunization, and anthropometric data on the nutritional status of under-five children were obtained. Standard errors and 95% confidence intervals were calculated taking into account the variability of the parameters under investigation and true design effects were computed. The findings were utilized for the identification of health priorities and the monitoring of effectiveness of programmes, as well as to validate routine reporting. The methodological package was built up looking at the local context, so that it could become an operational tool for the district health management team.
介绍了快速健康评估在为多要素初级卫生保健信息系统生成常规报告以外的数据方面的作用。基于对世界卫生组织/扩大免疫规划（WHO/EPI）整群调查方法的改编进行的快速调查，可能会产生可靠且有效的结果，有助于支持初级卫生保健管理信息系统。然而，由于该方法固有的局限性，到目前为止，只有少数研究调查了不止几个与初级卫生保健相关的问题。报告了在乌干达阿鲁阿区采用改良的EPI整群调查方法进行的家庭快速调查的经验。使用快速评估方法来确定信息需求的优先级并确定调查项目。由小学教师组成的完全受监督的团队被用作访谈员。尽管存在电力不稳定的问题，但通过笔记本电脑加快了数据处理、检查和分析的速度。在调查开始到结果公布的10天时间内，获得了关于卫生服务利用、就医行为、初级卫生保健服务覆盖率（包括免疫接种）以及五岁以下儿童营养状况的人体测量数据。考虑到所调查参数的变异性计算了标准误差和95%置信区间，并计算了实际设计效应。研究结果被用于确定卫生重点以及监测项目的有效性，同时也用于验证常规报告。该方法包是根据当地情况构建的，以便成为地区卫生管理团队的一个操作工具。
