Dawson M E, Hazlett E A, Filion D L, Nuechterlein K H, Schell A M
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-1061.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1993 Nov;102(4):633-41. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.102.4.633.
The startle reflex (SR) elicited by abrupt stimuli can be modified by attention to nonstartling stimuli that shortly precede the startle-eliciting stimulus. The present study of 15 recent-onset, relatively asymptomatic schizophrenic outpatients and 14 demographically matched normal control subjects demonstrated that attentional modulation of SR is impaired in schizophrenic patients. Specifically, the control group exhibited greater startle eye-blink modification following to-be-attended prestimuli than following to-be-ignored prestimuli, whereas the patients failed to show the attentional modulation effect. These results suggest traitlike attentional deficits in schizophrenia because the patients were relatively asymptomatic. The measurement of attentional modulation of SR may provide a nonverbal, reflexive, state-independent marker of the vulnerability to schizophrenia.
由突然刺激引发的惊吓反射（SR）可通过对惊吓诱发刺激之前不久出现的非惊吓刺激的注意而得到调节。本研究对15名近期发病、相对无症状的精神分裂症门诊患者和14名人口统计学匹配的正常对照受试者进行了研究，结果表明精神分裂症患者的SR注意调节受损。具体而言，对照组在对需注意的预刺激后的惊吓眨眼调节比在对需忽略的预刺激后更大，而患者未能表现出注意调节效应。这些结果表明精神分裂症存在特质性注意缺陷，因为患者相对无症状。SR注意调节的测量可能为精神分裂症易感性提供一种非言语、反射性、与状态无关的标志物。
