LeVois M E, Layard M W
Environmental Health Resources, Tiburon, California 94920, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Feb;21(1):184-91. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1995.1023.
Two approaches are used to assess publication bias in the environmental tobacco smoke/coronary heart disease (ETS/CHD) literature: (1) Statistical tests applied to all sex-specific relative risk (rr) estimates from 14 previously published studies indicate that publication bias is likely. A funnel graph of the studies' log relative risks plotted against their standard errors is asymmetrical, and weighted regression of the studies' log relative risks on their standard errors is significant (P < 0.01). (2) Previously unpublished ETS/CHD relative risks from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Studies (CPS-I and CPS-II) and the National Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS) do not show an increased CHD risk associated with ETS exposure. CPS-I: men, rr = 0.97 (0.90-1.05); CPS-I: women, rr = 1.03 (0.98-1.08); CPS-II: men, rr = 0.97 (0.87-1.08); CPS-II: women, rr = 1.00, (0.88-1.14); NMFS: men, rr = 0.97 (0.73-1.28); women, rr = 0.99 (0.84-1.16). Comparison of pooled relative risk estimates from 14 previously published studies (rr = 1.29; 1.18-1.41) and unpublished results from three studies (rr = 1.00; 0.97-1.04) also indicates that published data overestimate the association of spousal smoking and CHD (chi 2 = 25.1; P < 0.0001).
有两种方法用于评估环境烟草烟雾/冠心病（ETS/CHD）文献中的发表偏倚：（1）对之前发表的14项研究中所有按性别分类的相对风险（rr）估计值进行统计检验，结果表明可能存在发表偏倚。根据研究的对数相对风险与其标准误绘制的漏斗图不对称，并且研究的对数相对风险对其标准误的加权回归具有显著性（P < 0.01）。（2）美国癌症协会癌症预防研究（CPS-I和CPS-II）以及国家死亡率随访调查（NMFS）中之前未发表的ETS/CHD相对风险并未显示出与ETS暴露相关的冠心病风险增加。CPS-I：男性，rr = 0.97（0.90 - 1.05）；CPS-I：女性，rr = 1.03（0.98 - 1.08）；CPS-II：男性，rr = 0.97（0.87 - 1.08）；CPS-II：女性，rr = 1.00（0.88 - 1.14）；NMFS：男性，rr = 0.97（0.73 - 1.28）；女性，rr = 0.99（0.84 - 1.16）。对之前发表的14项研究的合并相对风险估计值（rr = 1.29；1.18 - 1.41）与三项研究的未发表结果（rr = 1.00；0.97 - 1.04）进行比较，也表明已发表数据高估了配偶吸烟与冠心病之间的关联（卡方 = 25.1；P < 0.0001）。
