Cox M H, Miles D S, Verde T J, Rhodes E C
Graduate Hospital Human Performance and Sports Medicine Center, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sports Med. 1995 Mar;19(3):184-201. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199519030-00004.
Today's elite hockey players are physically bigger and have improved levels of physiological fitness when compared with their predecessors. Correspondingly, previous ice hockey studies that have become widely referenced may have little relevance to current players and the way the game is presently played. A great need exists to apply exercise science to the game of ice hockey. Although much has been written about the physiology of ice hockey, there is little information based on well controlled studies. Particularly, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning optimal training schedules, training specificity, recovery profiles and seasonal detraining. Moreover, the reports that do exist have attempted to make comparisons across all levels of skill and talent. Thus, fundamental questions remain as to actual physiological exercise response and specialised training programmes for ice hockey players, particularly at the elite level. There is a demand for new properly designed experiments to find answers pertaining to the appropriate training methods for today's ice hockey players. Future research directions should consider the relationships between performance and such variables as neuromuscular skills, strength, power, peripheral adaptations, travel, hydration, detraining and sport-specific training programmes. Incidence and severity of injury among ice hockey players in relation to fatigue and fitness must also be investigated. Much of the information currently used in ice hockey will remain speculative and anecdotal until these studies are conducted.
与前辈相比，如今的精英冰球运动员身材更为高大，生理健康水平也有所提高。相应地，以往那些被广泛引用的冰球研究可能与当前的运动员以及当前的比赛方式关联不大。将运动科学应用于冰球运动有着迫切需求。尽管已有许多关于冰球生理学的著述，但基于严格对照研究的信息却很少。特别是，关于最佳训练计划、训练特异性、恢复情况以及季节性体能下降的知识十分匮乏。此外，现有的报告试图对所有技能和天赋水平进行比较。因此，对于冰球运动员，尤其是精英水平运动员的实际生理运动反应和专门训练计划，仍存在根本性问题。需要新的精心设计的实验来找到与当今冰球运动员合适训练方法相关的答案。未来的研究方向应考虑表现与神经肌肉技能、力量、功率、外周适应性、旅行、水合作用、体能下降以及特定运动训练计划等变量之间的关系。还必须调查冰球运动员受伤的发生率和严重程度与疲劳和健康状况的关系。在进行这些研究之前，目前冰球运动中使用的许多信息仍将是推测性的和 anecdotal（此处英文单词有误，推测可能是“anecdotal”，意思是轶事性的、传闻的）。
