Elvik R
Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway.
Accid Anal Prev. 1995 Apr;27(2):237-47. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)00060-y.
Official economic valuations (costs) of a traffic accident fatality in 20 motorized countries are described. The economic valuation per fatality varies from 0.87 million Norwegian kroner to 17.80 million kroner. The mean value is 5.69 million kroner. An attempt is made to explain the differences in official cost estimates. The valuation method used in estimating the costs has major importance for the level of costs. Recently, a number of motorized countries have accepted the willingness-to-pay approach as the basis for the economic valuation of traffic accident fatalities. In these countries, this has led to major upward revisions of previous cost estimates.
本文描述了20个机动车保有国家交通事故死亡的官方经济估值（成本）。每名死者的经济估值从87万挪威克朗到1780万克朗不等。平均值为569万克朗。本文试图解释官方成本估计存在差异的原因。估算成本时所采用的估值方法对成本水平至关重要。最近，一些机动车保有国家已接受意愿支付法作为交通事故死亡经济估值的基础。在这些国家，这导致了先前成本估计的大幅上调。
