Griffin D E
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;191:117-34. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-78621-1_8.
The characteristic disease features of measles--fever and rash--are associated with the immune response to infection and are coincident with virus clearance. MV-specific antibody and CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are generated and contribute to virus clearance and protection from reinfection. During this same phase of immune activation immunologic abnormalities are also apparent. There is a generalized suppression of cellular immune responses that may contribute to increased susceptibility to other infections. Autoimmune disease may appear in the form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. If virus-specific immune responses are inadequate infection may progress with pulmonary or CNS manifestations, but without a rash. The pathogenesis of the rare disease SSPE, that occurs many years after primary infection is not clear, but immune responses show increased antibody to measles and cellular immune responses similar to those seen after uncomplicated infection.
麻疹的特征性疾病表现——发热和皮疹——与感染后的免疫反应相关，并与病毒清除同时发生。产生了麻疹病毒特异性抗体以及CD4和CD8 T细胞反应，这些反应有助于病毒清除并预防再次感染。在免疫激活的同一阶段，免疫异常也很明显。存在细胞免疫反应的普遍抑制，这可能导致对其他感染的易感性增加。自身免疫性疾病可能以急性播散性脑脊髓炎的形式出现。如果病毒特异性免疫反应不足，感染可能会进展并出现肺部或中枢神经系统表现，但无皮疹。罕见疾病亚急性硬化性全脑炎（SSPE）在原发性感染多年后发生，其发病机制尚不清楚，但免疫反应显示麻疹抗体增加以及与无并发症感染后所见类似的细胞免疫反应。
