Crick N R, Grotpeter J K
University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
Child Dev. 1995 Jun;66(3):710-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x.
Prior studies of childhood aggression have demonstrated that, as a group, boys are more aggressive than girls. We hypothesized that this finding reflects a lack of research on forms of aggression that are relevant to young females rather than an actual gender difference in levels of overall aggressiveness. In the present study, a form of aggression hypothesized to be typical of girls, relational aggression, was assessed with a peer nomination instrument for a sample of 491 third-through sixth-grade children. Overt aggression (i.e., physical and verbal aggression as assessed in past research) and social-psychological adjustment were also assessed. Results provide evidence for the validity and distinctiveness of relational aggression. Further, they indicated that, as predicted, girls were significantly more relationally aggressive than were boys. Results also indicated that relationally aggressive children may be at risk for serious adjustment difficulties (e.g., they were significantly more rejected and reported significantly higher levels of loneliness, depression, and isolation relative to their nonrelationally aggressive peers).
先前关于儿童攻击行为的研究表明，总体而言，男孩比女孩更具攻击性。我们推测，这一发现反映出缺乏对与年轻女性相关的攻击行为形式的研究，而非整体攻击性水平上实际存在的性别差异。在本研究中，我们使用同伴提名工具，对491名三至六年级儿童的样本进行了评估，该攻击行为形式被推测为女孩所特有，即关系攻击。同时还评估了公开攻击（即过去研究中所评估的身体攻击和言语攻击）以及社会心理适应情况。结果为关系攻击的有效性和独特性提供了证据。此外，结果表明，正如预期的那样，女孩在关系攻击方面显著高于男孩。结果还表明，具有关系攻击行为的儿童可能面临严重适应困难的风险（例如，相对于无关系攻击行为的同伴，他们被明显更多地拒绝，且报告的孤独感、抑郁和孤立程度明显更高）。
