Klein N C, Cunha B A
Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 1995 Jul;79(4):705-19. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30034-7.
Third-generation cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents useful in a variety of clinical situations. No one cephalosporin is appropriate for all infectious disease problems. Cefotaxime and ceftizoxime have the best gram-positive coverage of the third-generation agents. Ceftazidime and cefoperazone are the only third-generation drugs that provide antipseudomonal coverage. Ceftriaxone's long half-life allows for once-daily dosing, making ceftriaxone an excellent drug for outpatient antibiotic therapy of community-acquired infections. Ceftriaxone is also useful for the treatment of Lyme disease and sexually transmitted diseases. The third-generation cephalosporins except for cefoperazone penetrate cerebrospinal fluid and are indicated for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Their proven record of clinical efficacy, favorable pharmacokinetics, and low frequency of adverse effects make third-generation cephalosporins the preferred antibiotic in many clinical situations.
第三代头孢菌素是广谱抗菌剂，可用于多种临床情况。没有一种头孢菌素适用于所有传染病问题。头孢噻肟和头孢唑肟在第三代药物中对革兰氏阳性菌的覆盖范围最佳。头孢他啶和头孢哌酮是仅有的提供抗假单胞菌覆盖的第三代药物。头孢曲松的半衰期长，允许每日给药一次，这使头孢曲松成为社区获得性感染门诊抗生素治疗的理想药物。头孢曲松也可用于治疗莱姆病和性传播疾病。除头孢哌酮外，第三代头孢菌素可穿透脑脊液，适用于治疗细菌性脑膜炎。它们已被证实的临床疗效记录、良好的药代动力学特性以及低不良反应发生率，使第三代头孢菌素在许多临床情况下成为首选抗生素。
