Campo M S, Jarrett W F
Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, CRC Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, UK.
Ciba Found Symp. 1994;187:61-73; discussion 73-7. doi: 10.1002/9780470514672.ch5.
Viruses are responsible for approximately 15% of human cancer worldwide. Human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus are the recognized agents of cervical and liver cancer, respectively, which together constitute 80% of all virally induced cancers. If measures could be found to bring viral infection under control, a great proportion of human cancer would be greatly reduced. Experimental vaccines are being developed against papillomavirus. In principle two different types of vaccine can be envisaged: prophylactic vaccines that would elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies and would prevent infection and therapeutic vaccines that would induce regression of established lesions before progression to malignancy took place. The research on vaccines against human papillomavirus is hampered by the difficulties encountered in growing the virus in tissue culture and by the unacceptable nature of experimentation in humans. Effective vaccines, both natural and genetically engineered, have been developed against bovine papillomavirus and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. The success obtained with the animal models supports the optimistic prediction that in the relatively near future vaccines will be available against the most problematic or potentially dangerous forms of papillomatosis in humans.
在全球范围内，病毒导致了约15%的人类癌症。人乳头瘤病毒和乙型肝炎病毒分别是公认的宫颈癌和肝癌致病因子，这两种病毒一起构成了所有病毒诱发癌症的80%。如果能找到控制病毒感染的措施，很大一部分人类癌症将会大幅减少。针对乳头瘤病毒的实验性疫苗正在研发中。原则上，可以设想两种不同类型的疫苗：预防性疫苗，可引发病毒中和抗体并预防感染；治疗性疫苗，可在已形成的病变发展为恶性肿瘤之前促使其消退。针对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的研究受到在组织培养中培养该病毒时遇到的困难以及人体实验不可接受性的阻碍。已经开发出针对牛乳头瘤病毒和棉尾兔乳头瘤病毒的有效疫苗，包括天然疫苗和基因工程疫苗。在动物模型上取得的成功支持了这样一个乐观的预测：在相对不久的将来，将能够获得针对人类中最成问题或潜在危险的乳头瘤病形式的疫苗。
