Abel E L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Oct;56(4):795-800. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90245-3.
Rats were tested in the forced swim test in 35 or 20 cm of water or in an open field to evaluate the effects of different intensities of stress on blood gases, electrolytes, and metabolic indices, compared to nontested controls. Animals tested in the open field did not differ from controls on any measure. Immersion in deep water resulted in a greater mixed metabolic and respiratory acidemia (low pH, low bicarbonate, high pCO2), higher glucose and higher lactate levels than immersion in shallow water which in turn resulted in greater metabolic acidemia (low pH, low bicarbonate), and higher glucose and lactate levels than occurred in open field or control animals. In contrast to immersion in deep water, immersion in shallow water resulted in an initial hypocapnia followed by a hypercapnia. Immersion in deep water also resulted in higher potassium levels, lower bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide levels, and a higher anion gap than immersion in shallow water, testing in the open field, or in controls. In a second study, lactate infusion resulted in a metabolic alkalemia (increased pH and bicarbonate levels) and an increase in total carbon dioxide levels. These results indicate that test parameters from forced swim testing (e.g., water depth) can significantly affect the rat's physiological response to testing. The effects of forced swim testing are not simply due to general stress; and the physiological changes seen in conjunction with forced swim testing (e.g., acidemia) are not due to lactate alone.
将大鼠置于35厘米或20厘米深的水中进行强迫游泳试验，或置于旷场中，以评估不同强度应激对血气、电解质和代谢指标的影响，并与未进行试验的对照组进行比较。在旷场中接受测试的动物在任何测量指标上与对照组均无差异。与浅水环境相比，深水环境中的大鼠出现了更严重的混合性代谢性和呼吸性酸血症（低pH值、低碳酸氢盐、高pCO2），葡萄糖和乳酸水平更高，而浅水环境中的大鼠又比旷场或对照动物出现更严重的代谢性酸血症（低pH值、低碳酸氢盐），葡萄糖和乳酸水平更高。与深水环境不同，浅水环境中的大鼠起初出现低碳酸血症，随后出现高碳酸血症。深水环境中的大鼠与浅水环境、旷场试验或对照组相比，还出现血钾水平升高、碳酸氢盐和总二氧化碳水平降低以及阴离子间隙增大。在第二项研究中，输注乳酸导致代谢性碱血症（pH值和碳酸氢盐水平升高）以及总二氧化碳水平升高。这些结果表明，强迫游泳试验的参数（如水深）可显著影响大鼠对试验的生理反应。强迫游泳试验的影响并非仅仅源于一般应激；强迫游泳试验时出现的生理变化（如酸血症）并非仅由乳酸引起。
