Chamberlain J M, Terndrup T E, Alexander D T, Silverstone F A, Wolf-Klein G, O'Donnell R, Grandner J
Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Jan;25(1):15-20. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70349-7.
To determine normal body temperature with an infrared emission detection ear thermometer.
Cross-sectional convenience sample.
Four acute and long-term health care facilities.
Subjects who denied recent potentially febrile illness and ingestion of medications affecting normal body temperature.
Two thousand four hundred forty-seven subjects aged 12 hours to 103 years were enrolled. Ear temperatures were normally distributed for each of eight age groups. There were differences in mean temperature among different age groups (P < .001, by ANOVA) and a striking cutoff at adolescence; the mean temperature for children aged 3 days to 10 years was 36.78 +/- 0.47 degrees C, as compared to 36.51 +/- 0.46 degrees C for subjects 11 years and older (P < .001, by t test). Temperatures were higher in female subjects and showed the characteristic diurnal variation of normal body temperature in five subjects studied longitudinally. The reproducibility of the ear thermometer was better than that of a commonly used electronic thermometer at the oral and axillary sites.
The infrared emission detection ear thermometer is an accurate means of assessing normal body temperature without using corrective offsets to estimate temperature at other body sites. On the basis of these data, the 95th percentile for infrared emission detection temperature in children younger than 11 years old was 37.6 degrees C. The 99th percentile was 37.9 degrees C for children younger than 11 years old and 37.6 degrees C for people 11 years or older. Because only 1% of normal people have an infrared emission detection temperature higher than these values, these may represent appropriate cutoffs for fever screening using this device.
使用红外发射探测耳温计测定正常体温。
横断面便利样本。
四家急性和长期医疗保健机构。
否认近期有潜在发热性疾病且未摄入影响正常体温药物的受试者。
纳入了2447名年龄在12小时至103岁之间的受试者。八个年龄组中每个组的耳温均呈正态分布。不同年龄组之间的平均体温存在差异（方差分析，P <.001），且在青春期有明显的界限；3天至10岁儿童的平均体温为36.78±0.47摄氏度，而11岁及以上受试者的平均体温为36.51±0.46摄氏度（t检验，P <.001）。女性受试者的体温较高，并且在纵向研究的五名受试者中显示出正常体温的典型昼夜变化。耳温计的重复性优于常用的口腔和腋窝部位电子温度计。
红外发射探测耳温计是评估正常体温的一种准确方法，无需使用校正偏移来估计其他身体部位的温度。根据这些数据，11岁以下儿童红外发射探测温度的第95百分位数为37.6摄氏度。11岁以下儿童的第99百分位数为37.9摄氏度，11岁及以上人群为37.6摄氏度。由于只有1%的正常人的红外发射探测温度高于这些值，因此这些可能代表使用该设备进行发热筛查的合适界限。
