Schaefer E J, Genest J J, Ordovas J M, Salem D N, Wilson P W
Tufts University, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA.
Atherosclerosis. 1994 Aug;108 Suppl:S41-54. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90152-x.
Significant risk factors for premature coronary heart disease include: (1) family history, (2) elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level > or = 160 mg/dl, l, (3) decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level < 35 mg/dl, l, (4) cigarette smoking, (5) high blood pressure and (6) diabetes mellitus. All of these risk factors are common in patients with premature heart disease. Common familial lipid disorders associated with premature heart disease include familial lipoprotein(a) excess, familial dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol), familial combined hyperlipidemia (elevations of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and often decreased HDL cholesterol), familial hypoapobetalipoproteinemia (elevated apolipoprotein B levels), familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (low HDL cholesterol levels), and familial hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL cholesterol levels). All these disorders have been characterized using age and gender specific 90th and 10th percentile values from the normal population. The diagnosis and potential management of these disorders is reviewed.
(1)家族史，(2)低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇水平升高≥160mg/dl，(3)高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇水平降低<35mg/dl，(4)吸烟，(5)高血压，以及(6)糖尿病。所有这些危险因素在早发性心脏病患者中都很常见。与早发性心脏病相关的常见家族性脂质紊乱包括家族性脂蛋白(a)过多、家族性血脂异常(甘油三酯升高和HDL胆固醇降低)、家族性混合型高脂血症(LDL胆固醇和甘油三酯升高，且HDL胆固醇常降低)、家族性低载脂蛋白血症(载脂蛋白B水平升高)、家族性低α脂蛋白血症(HDL胆固醇水平低)以及家族性高胆固醇血症(LDL胆固醇水平升高)。所有这些紊乱都已根据正常人群的年龄和性别特异性第90和第10百分位数进行了特征描述。本文对这些紊乱的诊断和潜在治疗方法进行了综述。
