Hölzer M, Scheytt N, Mergenthaler E, Kächele H
Abteilung Psychotherapie, Universität Ulm.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1994 Nov;44(11):382-9.
In psychotherapy research vocabulary measures are still an exception, although clinically relevant hypotheses might well be investigated by means of those measures. The affective vocabulary seems to be particularly apt to serve as an indicator of psychotherapeutic processes, since the "processing of emotions" can be regarded as a crucial part of any kind of psychotherapy. The emotion theory of Dahl and a classification schema derived from DeRivera will be explained in the text. The development of the Affective Dictionary Ulm (ADU), a computer measure for evaluation of affective vocabulary was based on this classification system. The distinction between two important categories of emotions, it-emotions (like anger) referring to wishes about objects, and me-emotions (like depression) reflecting self states, i.e. beliefs about the status of wish fulfillment, will be explained. The study described focuses on the affective vocabulary of one psychotherapist in three different settings: initial interviews, short term therapy and psychoanalysis. It can be demonstrated, that the "intensity" of the setting significantly positively correlates with the use of words indicating object (or it-) emotions. According to the transference paradigm, these results suggest, that the intensification of psychodynamic settings lead to an increasing work on help to regulate object relationships.
在心理治疗研究中，词汇测量仍然是个例外，尽管具有临床相关性的假设很可能可以通过这些测量方法进行研究。情感词汇似乎特别适合作为心理治疗过程的一个指标，因为“情感处理”可以被视为任何一种心理治疗的关键部分。文中将解释达尔的情感理论以及源自德里韦拉的一种分类模式。情感词典乌尔姆版（ADU）这一用于评估情感词汇的计算机测量工具的开发就是基于此分类系统。文中将解释两种重要情感类别的区别，即“它情感”（如愤怒）指对客体的愿望，以及“我情感”（如抑郁）反映自我状态，即对愿望实现状况的信念。所描述的这项研究聚焦于一位心理治疗师在三种不同情境下的情感词汇：初次访谈、短期治疗和精神分析。可以证明，情境的“强度”与表示客体（或“它”）情感的词汇使用显著正相关。根据移情范式，这些结果表明，心理动力情境的强化会导致在帮助调节客体关系方面的工作增加。
