Lundberg U, Mårdberg B, Frankenhaeuser M
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 1994 Dec;35(4):315-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00956.x.
A questionnaire assessing various aspects of paid as well as unpaid forms of productive activity was mailed to stratified samples of male and female white collar workers, approximately matched for educational and occupational level. Data from 501 men and 679 women employed full time revealed traditional gender differences in terms of main responsibility for household duties, child care etc. In keeping with this, women reported higher levels of work overload, stress and conflict than men, which increased significantly with the number of children at home. The various stress indices reached a peak between the ages of 35 and 39. Men reported more autonomy in their paid work whereas women reported more control at home. Men and women at the upper managerial levels reported more control over their total work situation and less conflict between demands.
一份评估有偿和无偿生产活动各个方面的调查问卷被邮寄给了按教育程度和职业水平大致匹配的男女白领分层样本。来自501名全职男性和679名全职女性的数据揭示了在家庭职责、育儿等主要责任方面存在传统的性别差异。与此相符的是，女性报告的工作超负荷、压力和冲突程度高于男性，且随着家中孩子数量的增加而显著上升。各种压力指数在35岁至39岁之间达到峰值。男性报告在有偿工作中有更多自主权，而女性报告在家中有更多控制权。高层管理人员中的男性和女性报告对其整体工作状况有更多控制权，需求之间的冲突较少。
