Lindfors Petra, Berntsson Leeni, Lundberg Ulf
Centre for Health Equity Studies and the Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Int J Behav Med. 2006;13(2):131-7. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1302_4.
Most research on the combined effects of paid and unpaid workload has related these factors to stress, depression, and physical symptoms. Thus, comparative knowledge concerning positive aspects of human functioning, such as health and well-being and how they relate to total workload of employed women and men, is limited. Our aim in this study was to investigate how total workload including paid and unpaid work is related to psychological well-being and symptoms in full-time employed women and men. We obtained data on workload, general symptoms, and the Ryff scales covering self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations, personal growth, purpose in life, and autonomy from questionnaires mailed to a stratified sample of highly educated white-collar workers aged between 32 and 58 years. Data from women (n = 430) and men (n = 400) living in partner relationships with at least one child showed that increasing hours of unpaid work was associated with decreasing levels of self-acceptance and environmental mastery in women, whereas paid work was associated with increasing levels of personal growth and decreasing levels of purpose in life. For men, paid work was associated with increasing levels of personal growth and more symptoms. We discuss factors underlying the gender-specific relationships between paid and unpaid work, psychological well-being, and symptoms.
大多数关于有偿和无偿工作量综合影响的研究都将这些因素与压力、抑郁和身体症状联系起来。因此，关于人类机能积极方面（如健康和幸福）以及它们与职业男女总工作量之间关系的比较性知识有限。我们这项研究的目的是调查包括有偿和无偿工作在内的总工作量与全职职业男女的心理健康和症状之间的关系。我们通过向年龄在32岁至58岁之间的高学历白领阶层分层样本邮寄问卷，获取了有关工作量、一般症状以及涵盖自我接受、环境掌控、积极关系、个人成长、生活目标和自主性的赖夫量表的数据。来自与至少一个孩子保持伴侣关系的女性（n = 430）和男性（n = 400）的数据表明，女性无偿工作时间增加与自我接受和环境掌控水平下降相关，而有偿工作则与个人成长水平提高和生活目标水平下降相关。对于男性来说，有偿工作与个人成长水平提高和更多症状相关。我们讨论了有偿和无偿工作、心理健康和症状之间性别特定关系背后的因素。
