Gullberg R G, Jones A W
Washington State Patrol, Seattle 98102.
Forensic Sci Int. 1994 Dec 1;69(2):119-30. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(94)90248-8.
This article deals with the pharmacokinetics of ethanol and the reliability of estimating the amount of alcohol ingested from a single measurement of a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Blood alcohol curves were plotted for 108 male subjects after they drank various doses of ethanol (0.51-0.85 g/kg body weight). The rate of disappearance of ethanol from the blood (beta-slope) and the apparent volume of distribution of ethanol (Widmark's rho factor, rho) were calculated for each subject; the mean beta-slope was 13.3 mg/dl/h (SD = 2.0), and the mean rho factor was 0.689 l/kg (SD = 0.061). The value of beta increased slightly with increasing dose of alcohol (P < 0.05). The blood alcohol parameters beta and rho were negatively correlated (r = -0.135). The BACs measured at 2 h and 5 h post-drinking were used to estimate the amount of alcohol each subject had consumed according to the method proposed by Widmark [1]. The mean differences (estimated-actual) and the +/- 95% limits of agreement were -0.72 g (+/- 12), and 2.2 (+/- 15), for the 2 h and 5 h BAC values, respectively. A method based on error propagation was used to derive the 95% limits of uncertainty in the amount of alcohol ingested. On the basis of a single measurement of BAC, we could estimate the amount of alcohol ingested within +/- 20%.
本文探讨了乙醇的药代动力学以及通过单次测量人体血液酒精浓度（BAC）来估算酒精摄入量的可靠性。对108名男性受试者饮用不同剂量乙醇（0.51 - 0.85 g/kg体重）后绘制了血液酒精曲线。计算了每位受试者血液中乙醇的消失速率（β斜率）和乙醇的表观分布容积（维德马克ρ因子，ρ）；平均β斜率为13.3 mg/dl/h（标准差 = 2.0），平均ρ因子为0.689 l/kg（标准差 = 0.061）。β值随酒精剂量增加略有升高（P < 0.05）。血液酒精参数β和ρ呈负相关（r = -0.135）。根据维德马克[1]提出的方法，利用饮酒后2小时和5小时测得的BAC来估算每位受试者摄入的酒精量。对于2小时和5小时的BAC值，平均差异（估算值 - 实际值）及±95%一致性界限分别为 -0.72 g（±12）和2.2（±15）。采用基于误差传播的方法得出酒精摄入量的95%不确定界限。基于单次BAC测量，我们能够在±20%的范围内估算酒精摄入量。
