Laille M, Huerre M, Dubourdieu H, Flye Sainte Marie F
Institut Pasteur de Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1993;86(5 Pt 2):442-9.
An extensive dengue epidemic was reported in New Caledonia en 1989. Environmental factors (temperature and rainfalls) directly controlled the mosquitos population at the end of 1988. The introduction of a new dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti, was responsible for an epidemic that occurred in January-April 1989 and lasted until July 1989. The estimated number of cases was 25,000 and the attack rate was close to 120 per thousand inhabitants for a six month-period. The epidemic involved mainly the adult population in 84% of cases and 6-8% of patients was admitted in hospital with thrombopenia, leucopenia, minor haemorrhages in 2/3 of cases and 12 patients died with severe hemorrhagic disease or shock syndrome; initial serological results from suspected cases were positive against dengue by haemaglutination inhibition. Two dengue viruses were involved (dengue 1 and dengue 3) but dengue 3 was by far the most common. Ultra-low volume aerosols of diluted insecticide (decamethrine K'Othrine, Roussel) from road vehicles and aircraft was used from February to May to kill the adult mosquitoes (adulticiding). The efficacy dependent on the interaction of the insecticide and the flying mosquitoes is relative and debated but played probably a major role on the transmission, though the reduction of breeding sites was primarily uncovered. Since the epidemic, only sporadic cases were observed in 1991 and 1992.
1989年，新喀里多尼亚报告了一场大规模登革热疫情。环境因素（温度和降雨量）在1988年底直接控制了蚊子数量。由埃及伊蚊传播的一种新型登革热病毒的传入，导致了1989年1月至4月发生的一场疫情，并持续到1989年7月。估计病例数为25000例，在六个月的时间里，发病率接近每千名居民120例。该疫情主要累及成年人口，84%的病例如此，6 - 8%的患者因血小板减少、白细胞减少而住院，三分之二的病例有轻微出血，12名患者死于严重出血性疾病或休克综合征；疑似病例的初步血清学结果通过血凝抑制试验显示对登革热呈阳性。涉及两种登革热病毒（登革热1型和登革热3型），但登革热3型是迄今为止最常见的。从2月到5月，使用道路车辆和飞机喷洒稀释杀虫剂（溴氰菊酯，罗塞尔公司生产）的超低容量气雾剂来杀灭成蚊（成虫控制）。杀虫剂与飞行蚊子相互作用的效果是相对的且存在争议，但可能在传播中起了主要作用，尽管减少繁殖地才是首要发现的措施。自疫情爆发以来，1991年和1992年仅观察到散发病例。
