Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in muscle and lymphoid organs of sedentary and exercise-trained rats.

The effect of swimming-training upon the activities of the enzymes involved in the generation of reducing-equivalents (citrate synthase-mitochondria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-cytosol) and of antioxidant enzymes (CuZn- and Mn-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the lymphoid organs (thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen) was examined. The skeletal muscles (soleus-red and gastrocnemius-white) were also studied. Although our data suggest an apparently random, organ-specific change in enzymatic activity, some interesting trends can be observed. Firstly, the increased citrate synthase and Mn-SOD activities observed in red, but not in white muscle, corroborate the well-known effect of endurance exercise-training on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Secondly, there was an inverse relationship between TBARs-monitored lipoperoxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity in all tissues studied, what is in accordance with the previous findings showing that such enzyme exerts the fine control of intracellular lipoperoxide concentration. Except in the case of the spleen, there was a trend for elevated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, coadjuvant of glutathione peroxidase in the antioxidant response to physical exercise in all tissues. Thirdly, Mn-SOD and catalase were conspicuously associated to oxidative stress in the thymus, while glutathione and catalase could be linked to this parameter in the spleen. Fourthly, the lymph nodes seem to be more dependent on the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glutathione peroxidase pair for protection against damage promoted by physical exercise. Mn-SOD and catalase activities were lower in the lymph nodes after swimming training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)