Katz J
Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jan;61(1):155-60. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/61.1.155.
We studied the design effects for population-based surveys that estimated the prevalence of wasting and stunting malnutrition in Malawi, Zambia, Indonesia, and Nepal, and studied the magnitude of different types of malnutrition clustering within villages. Weight, height, and midupper-arm circumference were measured on all children or on systematic samples of children in randomly selected villages. Design effects ranged from 0.53 for low height-for-age in Zambia to 6.12 for low weight-for-age in Nepal. If all sampled clusters were of size 30, as is often the case for nutrition surveys, design effects would have ranged from 0.44 for low height-for-age in Zambia to 2.59 for low midupper-arm circumference in Zambia. Malnutrition did cluster within villages. Stunting malnutrition clustered less than did wasting malnutrition. Nutrition surveys using clusters of 30 can sample fewer clusters than currently recommended if basic prevalence and cluster information are available prior to sample selection.
我们研究了基于人群的调查的设计效应，这些调查估计了马拉维、赞比亚、印度尼西亚和尼泊尔消瘦和发育迟缓营养不良的患病率，并研究了村庄内不同类型营养不良聚集的程度。在所有儿童或随机选择村庄中儿童的系统样本上测量体重、身高和上臂中部周长。设计效应范围从赞比亚年龄别身高偏低的0.53到尼泊尔年龄别体重偏低的6.12。如果所有抽样群的规模为30（营养调查通常如此），设计效应范围将从赞比亚年龄别身高偏低的0.44到赞比亚上臂中部周长偏低的2.59。营养不良确实在村庄内聚集。发育迟缓营养不良的聚集程度低于消瘦营养不良。如果在样本选择之前能够获得基本患病率和群信息，使用规模为30的群的营养调查可以比目前建议的抽样群数量更少。
