Liu H W, Thorson J S
Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:223-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.001255.
Science has long recognized the ubiquitously occurring deoxysugars as a novel and important class of carbohydrate, by virtue of the variety of potent and intriguing biological activities they exhibit. The study of the biosynthesis of these naturally vital molecules at a molecular level has received a great deal of attention in recent years, whether it be the well-established study of deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis via ribonucleotide reductase or newer areas that include 3,6-dideoxyhexose construction and O antigen variation, as well as the emerging scrutiny of the biosynthesis of deoxysugar ligands of antibiotics and cardiac glycosides. This review attempts to update the various classes of deoxy, dideoxy, trideoxy, branched-chain, and amino sugars with respect to our current knowledge regarding the vast biological activities, genetics of formation, and molecular basis of their biosynthesis. In particular, the primary focus utilizes CDP-ascarylose biosynthesis, currently the best genetically and biochemically characterized dideoxysugar system, as a basis for comparison and postulation. This review helps display the elegant complexities of these essential natural saccharides and speculates upon tomorrow's potential applications.
长期以来，科学一直将普遍存在的脱氧糖视为一类新型且重要的碳水化合物，这是因为它们展现出了各种各样强大且引人入胜的生物活性。近年来，对这些具有天然重要性的分子在分子水平上的生物合成研究受到了广泛关注，无论是通过核糖核苷酸还原酶对脱氧核糖核苷酸生物合成的深入研究，还是包括3,6 - 二脱氧己糖构建和O抗原变异等新领域，以及对抗生素和强心苷的脱氧糖配体生物合成的新兴研究。本综述试图就我们目前对各类脱氧糖、双脱氧糖、三脱氧糖、支链糖和氨基糖在广泛生物活性、形成遗传学及其生物合成分子基础方面的认识进行更新。特别是，主要关注点以目前在遗传学和生物化学方面特征最明确的双脱氧糖系统——CDP - 蛔木糖生物合成作为比较和推测的基础。本综述有助于展现这些重要天然糖类的精妙复杂性，并对其未来潜在应用进行推测。
