Timmis K N, Steffan R J, Unterman R
Department of Microbiology, GBF-National Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:525-57. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.002521.
The genetic design of novel metabolic routes offers exciting possibilities for biological research and biotechnology, both in the exploration of the metabolic/evolutionary potential of cells and in the development of innovative applications. In this chapter, we review recent advances in the development of genetic tools and strategies for the design of new microorganisms for elimination of environmental pollutants. These include the design of regulated gene expression circuits that provide high levels of catalytic activity, even under environmental conditions that ordinarily repress expression of catabolic genes; the rational alteration of relevant properties of proteins that qualitatively or quantitatively restrict catabolic activities; the judicious assembly of gene blocks encoding selected metabolic modules to create novel metabolic routes and combinations of routes; and the design of microorganisms exhibiting properties that contribute to better process development.
新型代谢途径的基因设计为生物学研究和生物技术带来了令人兴奋的可能性，无论是在探索细胞的代谢/进化潜力方面，还是在开发创新应用方面。在本章中，我们回顾了用于设计消除环境污染物的新型微生物的基因工具和策略开发的最新进展。这些进展包括设计调控基因表达电路，即使在通常抑制分解代谢基因表达的环境条件下，也能提供高水平的催化活性；对定性或定量限制分解代谢活性的蛋白质相关特性进行合理改变；明智地组装编码选定代谢模块的基因块，以创建新型代谢途径和途径组合；以及设计具有有助于更好工艺开发特性的微生物。
