Haggarty P, McNeill G, Manneh M K, Davidson L, Milne E, Duncan G, Ashton J
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen.
Br J Nutr. 1994 Dec;72(6):799-813. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940086.
Energy expenditure was measured over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) and activity diary methods in summer and winter in subjects with 'light' occupations but leisure activities which ranged from 'non-active' to 'very active'. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the energy cost of activities were determined by indirect calorimetry. The Department of Health (1991) predicted BMR for the group (6.89 (SD 0.30) MJ/d; n 18) was not significantly different from the measured value (7.17 (SD 0.70) MJ/d; n 18). The range of DLW-derived expenditure values within the group was BMR x 1.41 to 2.41. The largest seasonal change within individuals was BMR x 0.5. The energy expenditure of the group as a whole was lower in winter (BMR x 1.88; SD 0.33; n 9) than summer (BMR x 2.01; SD 0.30; n 9) though the difference was not statistically significant. The average summer and winter DLW-derived expenditure was BMR x 1.96 (SD 0.31; n 17). The activity diary estimate of expenditure was BMR x 1.79 (SD 0.32; n 17). In a subset of the group who were representative of the most active 26% of all adult males in the UK, the DLW-derived expenditure was BMR x 2.08 (SD 0.24; n 11). This is higher than the highest Department of Health (1991) estimate of BMR x 1.6 for individuals in light occupations. The measured energy costs of low-intensity activities were similar to those presented in the Department of Health (1991) report but the value determined for running (BMR x 13.08; SD 2.4; n 6) was higher than the highest value in the report (BMR x 6 to 8). The results indicate that the recent Department of Health (1991) reference values for energy may underestimate the expenditure of a significant proportion of the UK population largely because the energy costs of activity used in the report to calculate expenditure do not accurately reflect those achieved during active leisure in individuals who take regular exercise.
采用双标水（DLW）和活动日记法，在夏季和冬季对从事“轻度”职业但休闲活动范围从“不活跃”到“非常活跃”的受试者进行了为期10天的能量消耗测量。基础代谢率（BMR）和活动的能量消耗通过间接量热法测定。卫生部（1991年）预测该组的基础代谢率为6.89（标准差0.30）兆焦/天；n = 18）与测量值（7.17（标准差0.70）兆焦/天；n = 18）无显著差异。该组内双标水法得出的能量消耗值范围为基础代谢率的1.41至2.41倍。个体内最大的季节变化为基础代谢率的0.5倍。尽管差异无统计学意义，但该组整体的能量消耗在冬季（基础代谢率的1.88倍；标准差0.33；n = 9）低于夏季（基础代谢率的2.01倍；标准差0.30；n = 9）。夏季和冬季双标水法得出的平均能量消耗为基础代谢率的1.96倍（标准差0.31；n = 17）。活动日记估计的能量消耗为基础代谢率的1.79倍（标准差0.32；n = 17）。在该组中代表英国所有成年男性中最活跃的26%的一个子集中，双标水法得出的能量消耗为基础代谢率的2.08倍（标准差0.24；n = 11）。这高于卫生部（1991年）对从事轻度职业个体基础代谢率1.6倍的最高估计值。低强度活动的测量能量消耗与卫生部（1991年）报告中的相似，但跑步的测量值（基础代谢率的13.08倍；标准差2.4；n = 6）高于报告中的最高值（基础代谢率的6至8倍）。结果表明，卫生部（1991年）最近的能量参考值可能低估了英国相当一部分人口的能量消耗，主要是因为报告中用于计算能量消耗的活动能量成本不能准确反映经常锻炼的个体在积极休闲期间所达到的能量成本。
