Hayes R B, Liff J M, Pottern L M, Greenberg R S, Schoenberg J B, Schwartz A G, Swanson G M, Silverman D T, Brown L M, Hoover R N
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Int J Cancer. 1995 Jan 27;60(3):361-4. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910600315.
Prostate cancer occurs more frequently in U.S. blacks than whites. A population-based case-control study which investigated the association with family history of cancer was carried out among 981 men (479 black, 502 white) with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer, diagnosed between August 1, 1986, and April 30, 1989, and 1,315 controls (594 black, 721 white). Study subjects, aged 40-79, resided in Atlanta, Detroit, and 10 counties in New Jersey, geographic areas covered by population-based cancer registries. Prostate cancer risk was significantly elevated among those who reported a history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives (O.R. = 3.2; 95% C.I.: 2.0-5.0), with blacks and whites having similarly elevated risks. These risks were unchanged by statistical adjustment for job-related socio-economic status, education, income, and marital status. Overall, the ORs associated with history of prostate cancer in fathers and brothers were 2.5 (95% C.I.: 1.5-4.2) and 5.3 (95% C.I.: 2.3-12.5), respectively. Risks associated with a family history of prostate cancer were consistently elevated among younger and older subjects. Only small non-significant excesses of prostate cancer risk were associated with a family history of breast, colorectal, or other cancers. While familial occurrence is a key risk factor for prostate cancer and likely to be genetically based, the similar familial risks among blacks and whites suggest that the ethnic disparity in incidence is influenced by environmental factors.
前列腺癌在美国黑人中比白人中更为常见。一项基于人群的病例对照研究对981名经病理确诊为前列腺癌的男性（479名黑人，502名白人）和1315名对照者（594名黑人，721名白人）进行了调查，这些患者于1986年8月1日至1989年4月30日期间被诊断，年龄在40 - 79岁之间，居住在亚特兰大、底特律以及新泽西州的10个县，这些地区有基于人群的癌症登记处。在那些报告一级亲属有前列腺癌病史的人群中，前列腺癌风险显著升高（比值比 = 3.2；95%可信区间：2.0 - 5.0），黑人和白人的风险升高程度相似。对与工作相关的社会经济地位、教育程度、收入和婚姻状况进行统计调整后，这些风险并未改变。总体而言，与父亲和兄弟有前列腺癌病史相关的比值比分别为2.5（95%可信区间：1.5 - 4.2）和5.3（95%可信区间：2.3 - 12.5）。在年轻和年长的受试者中，与前列腺癌家族病史相关的风险持续升高。与乳腺癌、结直肠癌或其他癌症家族病史相关的前列腺癌风险仅略有增加且无统计学意义。虽然家族发病是前列腺癌的一个关键风险因素且可能基于遗传，但黑人和白人中相似的家族风险表明发病率的种族差异受环境因素影响。
