Faucett J, Rempel D
Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, School of Nursing, San Francisco.
Am J Ind Med. 1994 Nov;26(5):597-612. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700260503.
Video display terminal (VDT) operators (n = 150) in the editorial department of a large metropolitan newspaper participated in a study of day-to-day musculoskeletal symptoms. Work posture related to the VDT workstation and psychosocial work factors were also investigated for their contributions to the severity of upper body pain, numbness, and stiffness using a representative subsample (n = 70). Self-report measures included Karasek's Job Content Instrument and the author-designed Work Interpersonal Relationships Inventory. Independent observations of work posture were performed using techniques similar to those reported by Sauter et al. [1991]. Pain during the last week was reported by 59% (n = 88) of the respondents, and 28% (n = 42) were categorized by symptom criteria potentially to have musculoskeletal disorders. More hours per day of VDT use and less decision latitude on the job were significant risk factors for potential musculoskeletal CTDs. Head rotation and relative keyboard height were significantly related to more severe pain and stiffness in the shoulders, neck, and upper back. Lower levels of co-worker support were associated with more severe hand and arm numbness. For both the region of the shoulders, neck, and upper back and the hand and arm region, however, the contributions of relative keyboard and seat back heights to symptom severity were modified by psychological workload, decision latitude, and employee relationship with the supervisor. Alternative explanations for these findings are discussed.
一家大型都市报纸编辑部的视频显示终端（VDT）操作员（n = 150）参与了一项关于日常肌肉骨骼症状的研究。还使用一个代表性子样本（n = 70）调查了与VDT工作站相关的工作姿势以及心理社会工作因素对上半身疼痛、麻木和僵硬严重程度的影响。自我报告测量包括Karasek的工作内容量表和作者设计的工作人际关系量表。使用与Sauter等人[1991年]报告的技术类似的方法对工作姿势进行独立观察。59%（n = 88）的受访者报告了上周的疼痛，28%（n = 42）根据症状标准可能患有肌肉骨骼疾病。每天使用VDT的时间越长以及工作中的决策自由度越低，是潜在肌肉骨骼累积性创伤疾病的重要风险因素。头部转动和相对键盘高度与肩部、颈部和上背部更严重的疼痛和僵硬显著相关。同事支持水平较低与手部和手臂更严重的麻木有关。然而，对于肩部、颈部和上背部区域以及手部和手臂区域，相对键盘和座椅靠背高度对症状严重程度的影响会因心理工作量、决策自由度以及员工与主管的关系而有所改变。文中讨论了这些发现的其他解释。
