Froehlich J C, Li T K
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Oct 31;739:156-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19817.x.
A large body of evidence indicates that the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in maintaining alcohol drinking behavior. Evidence is reviewed that indicates that the reinforcing properties of alcohol that lead to continued and repeated bouts of drinking may be due, in part, to alcohol-induced activation of the endogenous opioid system. Much of this evidence is pharmacologic in nature. Blocking the action of endogenous opioid peptides via administration of opioid antagonists significantly attenuates alcohol consumption in animals under a variety of experimental conditions. In clinical trials, opioid receptor antagonists decrease alcohol consumption, relapse rates, subjective high, and alcohol craving in outpatient alcoholics. The potential clinical utility of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of alcoholism and alcohol dependence is discussed.
大量证据表明，内源性阿片系统在维持饮酒行为中起重要作用。本文综述了相关证据，这些证据表明导致持续和反复饮酒发作的酒精强化特性可能部分归因于酒精对内源性阿片系统的激活。其中大部分证据本质上是药理学方面的。在各种实验条件下，通过给予阿片拮抗剂阻断内源性阿片肽的作用可显著减少动物的酒精摄入量。在临床试验中，阿片受体拮抗剂可减少门诊酗酒者的酒精摄入量、复发率、主观兴奋感和对酒精的渴望。本文还讨论了阿片受体拮抗剂在治疗酒精中毒和酒精依赖方面的潜在临床应用。
