Bourdon L, Jacobs I, Bateman W A, Vallerand A L
Defence & Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994 Nov;65(11):999-1004.
Military personnel often undergo sustained operations that affect vigilance and alertness. Pharmacological agents may be used to enhance vigilance. Most such agents also have thermogenic properties. Whether a new promising stimulant, modafinil (Lyons and French, Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1991; 62:432-435), has a beneficial effect on cold tolerance in the military context, is not known. The goal of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of this new drug on thermal balance and the regulation of body temperatures in neutral conditions and when challenged by a cold exposure. Nine subjects underwent three trials each: two in the cold (3 h at rest, 10 degrees C) 0.5 h after the ingestion of either placebo or modafinil (200 mg), and one in thermal neutrality with modafinil (same conditions except Tdb = 29.3 degrees C). As expected, cold produced a drop in Tre and Tsk and an increase in Vo2. Although non-significant, there was a tendency for a slightly greater drop in Tre with modafinil (0.65 degrees C vs. 0.57 degrees C with placebo). A similar tendency was found for the heat debt (S) which was greater with modafinil than with placebo (16.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 14.7 +/- 0.6 kJ.kg-1, respectively, +9.5%, p = 0.11). This tendency appears to be the combined result of a slightly lower mean heat production during the test and a slightly greater mean dry heat loss. When tested at thermal neutrality, the drug had no effect on any thermal or metabolic parameters. The results demonstrate that the ingestion of a single dose of modafinil has no significant acute effect on thermal balance in neutral conditions and on thermoregulation in normal subjects exposed to cold. However, a tendency for slightly greater cooling was noted with modafinil. It is not known whether the use of modafinil in conjunction with sleep deprivation (a likely scenario) could magnify this effect.
军事人员经常要经历持续的行动，这会影响警觉性和机敏度。可能会使用药物制剂来提高警觉性。大多数此类药物也具有产热特性。一种新的有前景的兴奋剂莫达非尼（Lyons和French，《航空航天环境医学》，1991年；62:432 - 435）在军事背景下对耐寒性是否有有益影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是评估这种新药在中性条件下以及受到冷暴露挑战时对热平衡和体温调节的影响。九名受试者每人进行三项试验：两项在寒冷环境中（在摄入安慰剂或莫达非尼（200毫克）后0.5小时，于10摄氏度静止3小时），一项在热中性环境中服用莫达非尼（除了平均体温（Tdb） = 29.3摄氏度外，其他条件相同）。正如预期的那样，寒冷导致直肠温度（Tre）和皮肤温度（Tsk）下降，耗氧量（Vo2）增加。虽然不显著，但服用莫达非尼时直肠温度有略微更大下降的趋势（0.65摄氏度，而服用安慰剂时为0.57摄氏度）。对于热债（S）也发现了类似的趋势，服用莫达非尼时的热债比服用安慰剂时更大（分别为16.1±0.7与14.7±0.6千焦·千克-1，增加9.5%，p = 0.11）。这种趋势似乎是测试期间平均产热略低和平均干热损失略大的综合结果。在热中性条件下进行测试时，该药物对任何热或代谢参数均无影响。结果表明，单次服用莫达非尼对中性条件下的热平衡以及暴露于寒冷环境中的正常受试者的体温调节没有显著的急性影响。然而，服用莫达非尼时注意到有略微更大降温的趋势。尚不清楚莫达非尼与睡眠剥夺（一种可能的情况）联合使用是否会放大这种效果。
