Hays R D, Kallich J D, Mapes D L, Coons S J, Carter W B
RAND, Social Policy Department, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138.
Qual Life Res. 1994 Oct;3(5):329-38. doi: 10.1007/BF00451725.
This paper describes the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Instrument (dialysis version), a self-report measure that includes a 36-item health survey as the generic core, supplemented with multi-item scales targeted at particular concerns of individuals with kidney disease and on dialysis (symptom/problems, effects of kidney disease on daily life, burden of kidney disease, cognitive function, work status, sexual function, quality of social interaction, sleep). Also included were multi-item measures of social support, dialysis staff encouragement and patient satisfaction, and a single-item overall rating of health. The KDQOL was administered to 165 individuals with kidney disease (52% female; 48% male; 47% White; 27% African-American; 11% Hispanic; 8% Asian; 4% Native American; and 3% other ethnicities), sampled from nine different outpatient dialysis centres located in Southern California, the Northwest, and the Midwest. The average age of the sample was 53 years (range from 22 to 87), and 10% were 75 years or older. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the 19 multi-item scales exceeded 0.75 for every measure except one. The mean scores for individuals in this sample on the 36-item health scales were lower than the general population by one-quarter (emotional well-being) to a full standard deviation (physical function, role limitations due to physical health, general health), but similar to scores for dialysis patients in other studies. Correlations of the KDQOL scales with number of hospital days in the last 6 months were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for 14 of the 19 scales and number of medications currently being taken for nine of the scales. Results of this study provide support for the reliability and validity of the KDQOL.
本文介绍了肾脏疾病生活质量（KDQOL）量表（透析版），这是一种自我报告式测评工具，它包含一个由36个项目组成的健康调查问卷作为通用核心部分，并辅以针对肾病透析患者特定关注点的多项目量表（症状/问题、肾病对日常生活的影响、肾病负担、认知功能、工作状况、性功能、社会交往质量、睡眠）。此外还包括社会支持、透析工作人员鼓励和患者满意度的多项目测评，以及一个关于总体健康状况的单项评分。KDQOL量表应用于165名肾病患者（女性占52%；男性占48%；白人占47%；非裔美国人占27%；西班牙裔占11%；亚裔占8%；美国原住民占4%；其他种族占3%），这些患者来自位于南加州、西北部和中西部的9个不同的门诊透析中心。样本的平均年龄为53岁（范围从22岁到87岁），10%的患者年龄在75岁及以上。除一项指标外，19个多项目量表的内部一致性信度估计值均超过0.75。该样本中个体在36项健康量表上的平均得分比普通人群低四分之一（情绪健康方面）到整整一个标准差（身体功能、身体健康导致的角色限制、总体健康），但与其他研究中透析患者的得分相似。KDQOL量表与过去6个月住院天数的相关性在19个量表中有14个具有统计学意义（p<0.05），与目前正在服用的药物数量的相关性在9个量表中有统计学意义。本研究结果为KDQOL量表的信度和效度提供了支持。
