Kayser F H
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Switzerland.
Infection. 1994 Sep-Oct;22(5):370-5. doi: 10.1007/BF01715556.
The aim of our study was to re-evaluate the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. The study drugs were cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefprozil, and the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (= augmentin). In addition, cefotaxime as the standard agent of parenteral third generation cephalosporins was examined. The organisms tested were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, streptococci of serogroups C and G, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials were determined with the agar dilution procedure. Cefpodoxime showed the broadest spectrum and generally also the highest activity of the oral beta-lactam antibiotics examined. The drug was equally active against the major groups of beta-lactamase negative and positive bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. Against penicillin-resistant pneumococci, all beta-lactam agents exhibited reduced activity comparable to the reduced activity of penicillin.
我们研究的目的是重新评估头孢泊肟与其他口服β-内酰胺类抗生素相比，对引起呼吸道感染的细菌的体外活性。研究药物有头孢泊肟、头孢克洛、头孢克肟、头孢呋辛、头孢他美、头孢丙烯以及阿莫西林和克拉维酸的组合（即安灭菌）。此外，还检测了作为肠外第三代头孢菌素标准药物的头孢噻肟。所检测的菌株有金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、无乳链球菌、C群和G群链球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度。头孢泊肟在所检测的口服β-内酰胺类抗生素中显示出最广的抗菌谱，通常也具有最高的活性。该药物对引起呼吸道感染的主要β-内酰胺酶阴性和阳性细菌群同样具有活性。对于耐青霉素肺炎球菌，所有β-内酰胺类药物的活性均降低，与青霉素活性降低情况相当。
