Brogden R N, Spencer C M
Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Drugs. 1997 Mar;53(3):483-510. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199753030-00009.
Cefotaxime is well established as an effective and well tolerated antibacterial drug for 3 times daily parenteral treatment of a variety of moderate to severe infections in hospitalised patients. Its frequency of administration has recently been reassessed with a 12-hourly regimen. Comparative studies in hospitalised patients with nosocomial or community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, demonstrate the similar clinical and bacteriological efficacy of twice daily cefotaxime 1 or 2 g and the same daily dose of ceftriaxone, usually administered once daily. Cefotaxime 2 g twice daily was also similar in efficacy to ceftriaxone 2 g once daily. Retrospective and post-marketing studies also reveal the similar efficacy of cefotaxime administered twice and 3 times daily, and pharmacoeconomic studies suggest that total direct costs of treatment with cefotaxime compared is similar to that with other third generation cephalosporins in currently used dosage regimens. When administered twice daily, cefotaxime is, thus, an effective antibacterial agent for the treatment of hospitalised patients outside the intensive care unit with a variety of mild to moderate non-CNS infections caused by susceptible organisms. When appropriately administered twice daily there is potential to lower the cost of antibacterial treatment without compromising efficacy.
头孢噻肟作为一种有效且耐受性良好的抗菌药物，已被广泛用于住院患者各种中重度感染的每日3次胃肠外治疗。最近，其给药频率已重新评估为每12小时一次。对住院的医院获得性或社区获得性下呼吸道感染患者进行的比较研究表明，每日2次给予1或2 g头孢噻肟与每日给予相同剂量（通常每日1次）的头孢曲松具有相似的临床和细菌学疗效。每日2次给予2 g头孢噻肟的疗效也与每日1次给予2 g头孢曲松相似。回顾性研究和上市后研究还显示，每日2次和3次给予头孢噻肟的疗效相似，药物经济学研究表明，与目前使用的剂量方案中的其他第三代头孢菌素相比，头孢噻肟治疗的总直接成本相似。因此，每日2次给药时，头孢噻肟是治疗重症监护病房以外住院患者由易感菌引起的各种轻至中度非中枢神经系统感染的有效抗菌药物。每日适当给药2次，有可能在不影响疗效的情况下降低抗菌治疗成本。
