Berntson G G, Cacioppo J T, Binkley P F, Uchino B N, Quigley K S, Fieldstone A
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1222.
Psychophysiology. 1994 Nov;31(6):599-608. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02352.x.
Behavioral contexts can evoke a variety of autonomic modes of response, characterized by reciprocal, coactive, or independent changes in the autonomic divisions. In the present study, we investigated the reactive autonomic control of the heart in response to psychological stressors, using quantitative methods for analyzing single and double autonomic blockades, and through the use of noninvasive indices based on heart period variability and systolic time intervals. Analysis of the effects of pharmacological blockades revealed an overall pattern of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic control of the heart during speech stress, mental arithmetic, and a reaction-time task. Unlike the classical reciprocal sympathetic-parasympathetic response to orthostatic challenge, however, the responses of the autonomic branches to stress were uncorrelated. This reflected notable individual differences in the mode of autonomic response to stress, which had considerable stability across stress tasks. The putative noninvasive indices of sympathetic (preejection period) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) control changed in accord with the results of pharmacological blockades. Together, these results emphasize the substantial individual differences in the mode of autonomic response to stress, the advantages of a quantitative approach to analyzing blockade data, and the importance of validity estimates of blockade data.
行为背景可引发多种自主反应模式，其特征为自主神经系统各部分相互、共同激活或独立的变化。在本研究中，我们采用定量方法分析单次和双重自主神经阻滞，并通过使用基于心动周期变异性和收缩期时间间隔的无创指标，研究了心脏对心理应激源的反应性自主控制。药理学阻滞效应分析显示，在言语应激、心算和反应时间任务期间，心脏的交感神经控制总体增加，副交感神经控制总体减少。然而，与对直立性挑战的经典交感 - 副交感神经相互反应不同，自主神经分支对压力的反应不相关。这反映了自主神经对压力反应模式中显著的个体差异，这些差异在不同压力任务中具有相当的稳定性。交感神经（射血前期）和副交感神经（呼吸性窦性心律不齐）控制的假定无创指标与药理学阻滞结果一致。总之，这些结果强调了自主神经对压力反应模式中的个体差异、分析阻滞数据定量方法的优势以及阻滞数据有效性评估的重要性。
