Etherington W G, Kinsel M L, Marsh W E
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph.
Can Vet J. 1995 Jan;36(1):28-33.
A great deal of progress has been made in the development of dairy herd management software in the last few years. At the same time, the speed, capacity, and portability of computer hardware have increased, while costs have decreased, thus encouraging use by veterinarians,dairy herd managers, and other industry support groups. A review of the literature indicates that an increasing number of producers, veterinarians, and other dairy industry service personnel are using computers and dairy herd management software in the delivery of their services (1-3,5,9-11,26-30,38,39). Wider adoption will occur if information generated through the use of these systems is directed towards the improvement of the profitability of dairy production. The quality of a decision is only as good as the information used to make it. In the past, the limited availability of reliable herd data has restricted our understanding of factors that influence herd performance. In essence, we must define what is normal before we can determine what is abnormal. More importantly, we must define what management practices are profitable and to what extent they increase revenue (3 1,32). Improved record keeping will benefit the dairy industry by allowing producers and dairy consultants to make profitable decisions based on more accurate and complete information. The ability to merge biological, management,and economic data may prove valuable in the evaluation of intervention at the herd and individual animal level. The impact of interventions is often as much a function of the unique combination of management factors on a dairy, as the biological effect that can be evaluated in a clinical trial. For example, the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone therapy at the time of service has been shown to be more successful in herds with better than average conception rates than in herds with poor conception rates. This difference in efficacy may be due to nutritional and other herd level management factors. Sophisticated dairy information management systems provide valuable herd specific management information, which allows more comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction of pharmaceutical,biological, and management factors that ultimately determine the profitability of veterinary intervention strategies. The use of electronic transfer of data will become essential in order to increase efficiency of use of information through data sharing. This will decrease transfer time and cost of information exchange between dairy herd managers and support industries.
在过去几年中，奶牛群管理软件的开发取得了很大进展。与此同时，计算机硬件的速度、容量和便携性有所提高，而成本却有所下降，这促使兽医、奶牛群管理者和其他行业支持团体使用该软件。对文献的回顾表明，越来越多的生产者、兽医和其他乳制品行业服务人员在提供服务时使用计算机和奶牛群管理软件（1-3,5,9-11,26-30,38,39）。如果通过使用这些系统生成的信息能够提高奶牛生产的盈利能力，那么这些系统将会得到更广泛的应用。决策的质量取决于用于做出决策的信息质量。过去，可靠的牛群数据有限，限制了我们对影响牛群性能因素的理解。从本质上讲，我们必须先定义什么是正常的，然后才能确定什么是异常的。更重要的是，我们必须定义哪些管理措施是有利可图的，以及它们能在多大程度上增加收入（31,32）。改进记录保存将使乳制品行业受益，因为它能让生产者和乳制品顾问根据更准确和完整的信息做出有利可图的决策。合并生物学、管理和经济数据的能力在评估牛群和个体动物层面的干预措施时可能会很有价值。干预措施的影响往往不仅取决于临床试验中可评估的生物学效应，还取决于奶牛场管理因素的独特组合。例如，在配种时使用促性腺激素释放激素疗法，在受孕率高于平均水平的牛群中比在受孕率低的牛群中更成功。这种疗效差异可能归因于营养和其他牛群层面的管理因素。先进的奶牛信息管理系统提供了有价值的特定牛群管理信息，使人们能够更全面地理解药物、生物学和管理因素之间的复杂相互作用，这些因素最终决定了兽医干预策略的盈利能力。为了通过数据共享提高信息使用效率，数据的电子传输将变得至关重要。这将减少奶牛群管理者和支持行业之间信息交换的传输时间和成本。
