McGillicuddy-De Lisi A V, Watkins C, Vinchur A J
Psychology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042.
Child Dev. 1994 Dec;65(6):1694-700. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00843.x.
Kindergarten, third-grade, and sixth-grade children were told 2 stories about a group of children who made artwork that was subsequently sold at a craft fair. The characters in one story were described as friends, while the characters in the other story were described as strangers (relationship condition). 1 character in each story was presented as the oldest in the group, 1 as the most productive, and 1 as the poorest. Children were asked to allocate 9 dollars to the 3 characters under each relationship condition, provide rationales for those allocations, and rate the fairness of 4 different patterns of allocation. Older children allocated more money to needy friends than to needy strangers and more to productive strangers than to productive friends. Kindergartners' allocations and fairness ratings did not vary with relationship. Rationales for allocation judgments suggested that equality was the most salient principle for decisions at all ages, but the older children provided rationales based on benevolence more often than younger children when characters were presented as friends.
幼儿园、三年级和六年级的儿童听了两个故事，故事讲述了一群孩子制作的艺术品随后在工艺品博览会上出售的事情。其中一个故事中的角色被描述为朋友，而另一个故事中的角色被描述为陌生人（关系条件）。每个故事中有一个角色被呈现为群体中年龄最大的，一个是最有创造力的，一个是最贫穷的。要求孩子们在每种关系条件下将9美元分配给这三个角色，为这些分配提供理由，并对四种不同分配模式的公平性进行评分。年龄较大的孩子给贫困的朋友分配的钱比对贫困的陌生人多，给有创造力的陌生人分配的钱比对有创造力的朋友多。幼儿园儿童的分配和公平评分不会因关系而有所不同。分配判断的理由表明，平等是所有年龄段决策中最突出的原则，但当角色被描述为朋友时，年龄较大的孩子比年龄较小的孩子更常基于仁爱提供理由。
