Choudhury S R, Ueshima H, Kita Y, Kobayashi K M, Okayama A, Yamakawa M, Hirao Y, Ishikawa M, Miyoshi Y
Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan.
Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Oct;23(5):940-7. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.5.940.
Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that alcohol, which increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, has an anti-atherogenic effect. But data on the effects of alcohol on low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are scarce. In this paper a cross-sectional study on the associations of alcohol in graded doses with serum lipids in a Japanese population is presented.
The daily alcohol intake of 832 Japanese men aged 35-59 was determined and the subjects were divided into five categories according to their daily alcohol consumption. The associations of alcohol intake and the kind of alcoholic beverage with serum lipids were determined by multiple regression analyses taking into consideration the differences of other confounding factors, i.e. age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking.
Serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were higher (P < 0.001) with higher alcohol intake while LDL-cholesterol was lower (P < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age, BMI and number of cigarettes smoked per day, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol were found to have a significant positive relationship with daily alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol to have a significant negative relationship (P < 0.001). The kind of alcoholic beverage had no significant relationship with serum HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol; however, serum triglycerides were found to be significantly lower in those who drank beer (P < 0.05).
Alcohol drinkers have a higher HDL-cholesterol level and lower LDL-cholesterol level than non-drinkers. This anti-atherogenic lipid profile in alcohol drinkers may be explained by the effect of alcohol on serum lipids independent of age, BMI and smoking.
以往的流行病学和临床研究表明，酒精可提高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇水平，具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用。但关于酒精对低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇影响的数据较少。本文介绍了一项针对日本人群中不同剂量酒精与血脂关联的横断面研究。
测定了832名35 - 59岁日本男性的每日酒精摄入量，并根据其每日酒精消费量将受试者分为五类。在考虑年龄、体重指数（BMI）和吸烟等其他混杂因素差异的情况下，通过多元回归分析确定酒精摄入量和酒精饮料种类与血脂的关联。
酒精摄入量越高，血清甘油三酯和HDL胆固醇越高（P < 0.001），而LDL胆固醇越低（P < 0.01）。在多元回归分析中，调整年龄、BMI和每日吸烟量后，发现HDL胆固醇以及HDL胆固醇与LDL胆固醇的比值与每日酒精消费量呈显著正相关（P < 0.001），而LDL胆固醇呈显著负相关（P < 0.001）。酒精饮料种类与血清HDL胆固醇和LDL胆固醇无显著关联；然而，发现饮用啤酒者的血清甘油三酯显著较低（P < 0.05）。
饮酒者的HDL胆固醇水平高于非饮酒者，LDL胆固醇水平低于非饮酒者。饮酒者这种抗动脉粥样硬化的血脂谱可能是由酒精对血脂的影响所解释，且独立于年龄、BMI和吸烟因素。
