Yogman M W, Kindlon D, Earls F
Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 Jan;34(1):58-66. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199501000-00015.
To assess the independent effect of father involvement on intellectual and behavioral outcome of 985 low birth weight preterm infants followed longitudinally from birth to age 3 years as part of the Infant Health and Development Program.
The sample for this study is drawn from eight urban sites, composed largely of ethnically diverse and relatively disadvantaged families. On the basis of a combined score for father's stable presence in the home and amount of play with the infant, we defined extreme groups of high-involvement fathers (33%, n = 305) and low-involvement fathers (16%, n = 148), with the remainder as a middle group (51%).
Most fathers played a meaningful role as play partner with their high-risk infants. Approximately 75% of fathers were reported to play with the baby every day at 12 (peak), 24, and 36 months. Fathers who were black, younger, had teenage mothers as companions, or were from low-income families were less involved with their infants. For black fathers, low family income was significantly associated with low father involvement. Within the black ethnic subgroup only, higher father involvement was associated with improved cognitive outcome. Mean IQ for the high-involvement subgroup was 6.00 points higher than for the low-involvement group even after adjusting for family income, neonatal health, treatment group status, and paternal age.
Father involvement enhances cognitive outcome in black families and may have implications for intervention.
作为婴儿健康与发展项目的一部分，评估父亲参与对985名低出生体重早产儿从出生到3岁纵向随访的智力和行为结果的独立影响。
本研究样本来自八个城市地点，主要由种族多样且相对弱势的家庭组成。根据父亲在家中稳定陪伴程度和与婴儿玩耍时间的综合得分，我们定义了高参与度父亲的极端组（33%，n = 305）和低参与度父亲的极端组（16%，n = 148），其余为中间组（51%）。
大多数父亲作为高危婴儿的玩耍伙伴发挥了有意义的作用。据报告，在12个月（高峰期）、24个月和36个月时，约75%的父亲每天与婴儿玩耍。黑人、年轻、母亲为青少年或来自低收入家庭的父亲与婴儿的互动较少。对于黑人父亲来说，低家庭收入与低父亲参与度显著相关。仅在黑人种族亚组中，较高的父亲参与度与改善的认知结果相关。即使在调整家庭收入、新生儿健康、治疗组状态和父亲年龄后，高参与度亚组的平均智商仍比低参与度组高6.00分。
父亲的参与可改善黑人家庭的认知结果，可能对干预有启示意义。
