Black M M, Dubowitz H, Starr R H
Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Child Dev. 1999 Jul-Aug;70(4):967-78. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00070.
This study examined the relationship between paternal roles, regardless of residence, and the well-being of 175 3-year-old children from low income, African American families. There were no differences in children's cognition, receptive language, behavior, or home environment related to father presence. Fathers (or father figures) were identified in 73% of the families, and 64% participated in an interview and videotaped observation. The relationships between paternal roles (parenting satisfaction, economic support, nurturance during play, child care, and household responsibilities) and children's cognitive skills, receptive language, behavior, and home environment were examined. After controlling for maternal age, education, and parenting satisfaction, there were significant relationships between paternal roles and each index of children's well-being, suggesting that fathers' contributions were unique. Fathers who were satisfied with parenting, contributed financially to the family, and were nurturant during play had children with better cognitive and language competence; fathers who were satisfied with parenting and employed, had children with fewer behavior problems; and when fathers were living with the child, the home was more child-centered. Neither the biological relationship of the father nor the parents' marital status entered into the models. These findings support ecological theories linking paternal involvement with children's well-being and argue for the institution of family-oriented policies that promote positive father involvement.
本研究调查了无论居住情况如何的父亲角色与175名来自低收入非裔美国家庭的3岁儿童幸福状况之间的关系。在与父亲是否在场相关的儿童认知、接受性语言、行为或家庭环境方面没有差异。73%的家庭中确定有父亲（或父亲角色），64%的家庭参与了访谈和录像观察。研究了父亲角色（育儿满意度、经济支持、玩耍时的养育、儿童照料和家务责任）与儿童认知技能、接受性语言、行为和家庭环境之间的关系。在控制了母亲年龄、教育程度和育儿满意度后，父亲角色与儿童幸福的各项指标之间存在显著关系，这表明父亲的贡献是独特的。对育儿感到满意、为家庭提供经济支持且在玩耍时给予养育的父亲，其孩子具有更好的认知和语言能力；对育儿感到满意且有工作的父亲，其孩子行为问题较少；当父亲与孩子同住时，家庭更以孩子为中心。父亲的血缘关系和父母的婚姻状况均未纳入模型。这些发现支持了将父亲参与与儿童幸福联系起来的生态理论，并主张制定促进父亲积极参与的家庭导向政策。
