Geier S A, Klauss V, Gürtler L
University Eye Hospital Munich, Germany.
Ger J Ophthalmol. 1994 May;3(3):182-5.
Routine screening of cornea donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been established and has reduced the risk of HIV-1 transmission to a minimum. Screening for HIV-2 is less common. We evaluated 100 cornea donors for HIV-2 and 166 cornea donors for HIV-1 according to our routine screening procedure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with high sensitivity were used to detect antibodies in donor blood. HIV-2 seroconversion was not found in any of the 100 cases tested, whereas HIV-1 seroconversion was detected in 4 of 166 cases; consecutive Western-blot analysis showed only 1 positive result. Thus, 1 of 166 cases (0.6%) had to be considered infected with HIV-1. Our findings of HIV-1 seroprevalence are comparable with those obtained in studies carried out in Europe and the United States. Data are lacking for comparison with our results concerning HIV-2 seroprevalence. Because of the epidemiologic situation of HIV-2 in Europe, different seroprevalence rates would be expected. Routine screening of potential cornea donors for HIV-2 in Germany may be necessary only if the seroprevalence rises in the population.
已确立对角膜捐献者进行1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的常规筛查，并已将HIV-1传播风险降至最低。对HIV-2的筛查则较少见。我们按照常规筛查程序对100名角膜捐献者进行了HIV-2检测，对166名角膜捐献者进行了HIV-1检测。使用高灵敏度的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测捐献者血液中的抗体。在检测的100例中未发现HIV-2血清转化，而在166例中有4例检测到HIV-1血清转化；连续的免疫印迹分析仅显示1例阳性结果。因此，166例中有1例（0.6%）被认为感染了HIV-1。我们关于HIV-1血清流行率的研究结果与在欧洲和美国开展的研究结果相当。缺乏与我们关于HIV-2血清流行率结果进行比较的数据。鉴于欧洲HIV-2的流行病学情况，预计血清流行率会有所不同。仅当人群中血清流行率上升时，德国才可能有必要对潜在角膜捐献者进行HIV-2的常规筛查。
