May J T
Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1994 Dec;30(6):470-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00714.x.
An overview of recent studies of antimicrobial factors and microbial contaminants found in human milk is presented. The incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in infants receiving human milk continues to be lower than in those not breast-fed due to the presence of specific antibody and possibly anti-adhesion factors in the milk. Whether the many other antimicrobial factors, which have been shown to be active in vitro or in animal model systems, have any influence on infant infections is still not clear. Microbial contaminants in human milk are rare, as are associated infant infections from the milk. However, some contaminants such as cytomegalovirus are commonly transferred to infants from the milk of seropositive mothers, fortunately without any adverse effects in the infants. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 is transferred via human milk in endemic areas, human milk being the main source of mother-to-infant transmission. While some reports suggest human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transfer may occur through human milk, this is not the predominant mode of transmission to infants.
本文综述了近期关于人乳中抗菌因子和微生物污染物的研究。由于人乳中存在特异性抗体以及可能的抗黏附因子，母乳喂养婴儿的胃肠道和呼吸道感染发生率持续低于非母乳喂养婴儿。许多其他已证实在体外或动物模型系统中具有活性的抗菌因子是否对婴儿感染有任何影响仍不清楚。人乳中的微生物污染物很少见，与乳汁相关的婴儿感染也很少见。然而，一些污染物，如巨细胞病毒，通常会从血清反应阳性母亲的乳汁中传播给婴儿，幸运的是，这对婴儿没有任何不良影响。1型人类嗜T细胞病毒在流行地区通过人乳传播，人乳是母婴传播的主要来源。虽然一些报告表明1型人类免疫缺陷病毒可能通过人乳传播，但这不是传播给婴儿的主要方式。
