Babaniyi O A, Maciak B J, Wambai Z
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria.
East Afr Med J. 1994 Aug;71(8):531-5.
Home management of diarrhoea was studied in 1,638 children under 5 years of age whose 1,160 mothers we randomly selected in Suleja local government area (LGA) in November 1991. The sampling method used was a cluster scheme based on "probability proportionate to size", with 40 clusters randomly selected. Prevalence of diarrhoea during the two preceding weeks was 20.8%; 73.8% of the cases were in children under two years of age; 32% of the children had received no treatment, and 56% of the mothers had used health facilities (Government and private). The estimated annual incidence rate of diarrhoea disease was 4.6 episodes per child. During episodes of diarrhoea, almost all mothers continued breast-feeding and giving other available home fluids, but 42.2% stopped solid food. Forty-four percent of mothers gave sugar-salt-solution (SSS) at home for diarrhoea; nearly half (45.3%) of them could not prepare the solution correctly. Mothers treated at home with SSS, herbs and fluids significantly more often when the diarrhoea was perceived as severe. Mothers sought help outside the home (at a health facility or traditional healer) significantly more often for severe cases. The survey provides important information about what happens at home - the place where diarrhoeal disease control programmes succeed or fail. The findings highlight the communication messages that need to be devised for mothers. Since government health facilities remains the commonest (87%) source of information on diarrhoea, health workers need to be equipped with the skills for advising mothers on management of diarrhoea in the home.
1991年11月，在苏莱贾地方政府辖区（LGA）随机抽取了1160名5岁以下儿童的母亲，对其1638名5岁以下儿童的腹泻家庭管理情况进行了研究。所采用的抽样方法是基于“规模概率成比例”的整群抽样方案，随机选取了40个群组。前两周腹泻的患病率为20.8%；73.8%的病例为两岁以下儿童；32%的儿童未接受任何治疗，56%的母亲使用过卫生设施（政府和私立的）。腹泻疾病的估计年发病率为每名儿童4.6次。在腹泻期间，几乎所有母亲都继续母乳喂养并提供其他现有的家庭液体，但42.2%的母亲停止了固体食物喂养。44%的母亲在家中为腹泻儿童提供糖盐溶液（SSS）；其中近一半（45.3%）的母亲不能正确配制该溶液。当认为腹泻严重时，母亲在家中使用SSS、草药和液体进行治疗的频率明显更高。对于严重病例，母亲更常向家庭以外的地方（卫生设施或传统治疗师）寻求帮助。该调查提供了关于家庭中情况的重要信息——腹泻疾病控制计划成败的地方。研究结果突出了需要为母亲设计的沟通信息。由于政府卫生设施仍然是腹泻信息最常见的（87%）来源，卫生工作者需要具备为母亲提供家庭腹泻管理建议的技能。
