de Quirós G B, Kinsbourne M, Palmer R L, Rufo D T
Behavioral Neurology Unit, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1994 Oct;15(5):311-9.
A clinic-referred population of 116 children with attentional problems was classified by DSM-III [attention deficit disorder (ADD)] with respect to inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The sample proved to subdivide into three groups: inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactive (HII), n = 60; inattentive and impulsive (II), n = 26; and inattentive (I), n = 30. The distinction between II and I resolves the confounding of impulsivity and inattention in previous studies of children who have ADD but are not hyperactive. The three groups were found to be similar in mean age, gender ratio, prevalence, and pattern of associated learning disabilities, family history of psychopathology, and probability of favorable response to methylphenidate. Group I differed from Groups HII and II in the frequency of externalizing relative to internalizing comorbid psychopathology. A group that is hyperactive and impulsive but not inattentive was not found. The preponderance of similarities in associated characteristics suggests that the three groups are differing clinical presentations of an ADD spectrum.
一个由116名有注意力问题的儿童组成的临床转诊群体，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）[注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）]，在注意力不集中、冲动和多动方面进行了分类。样本被证明可细分为三组：注意力不集中、冲动和多动（HII）组，n = 60；注意力不集中和冲动（II）组，n = 26；以及注意力不集中（I）组，n = 30。II组和I组之间的区别解决了以往对患有ADD但不伴有多动的儿童研究中冲动和注意力不集中的混淆问题。发现这三组在平均年龄、性别比例、患病率、相关学习障碍模式、精神病理学家族史以及对哌甲酯治疗的良好反应概率方面相似。I组在外部化相对内化共病精神病理学的频率上与HII组和II组不同。未发现多动且冲动但不注意力不集中的组。相关特征中相似性占优势表明这三组是ADD谱系的不同临床表现。
