Forgas J P
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Psychol Bull. 1995 Jan;117(1):39-66. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39.
Evidence for the role of affective states in social judgments is reviewed, and a new integrative theory, the affect infusion model (AIM), is proposed as a comprehensive explanation of these effects. The AIM, based on a multiprocess approach to social judgments, identifies 4 alternative judgmental strategies: (a) direct access, (b) motivated, (c) heuristic, and (d) substantive processing. The model predicts that the degree of affect infusion into judgments varies along a processing continuum, such that judgments requiring heuristic or substantive processing are more likely to be infused by affect than are direct access or motivated judgments. The role of target, judge, and situational variables in recruiting high- or low-infusion judgmental strategies is considered, and empirical support for the model is reviewed. The relationship between the AIM and other affect-cognition theories is discussed, and implications for future research are outlined.
本文回顾了情感状态在社会判断中作用的相关证据，并提出了一种新的综合理论——情感注入模型（AIM），作为对这些效应的全面解释。情感注入模型基于社会判断的多过程方法，确定了四种可供选择的判断策略：（a）直接通达，（b）动机性，（c）启发式，以及（d）实质性加工。该模型预测，情感注入判断的程度在一个加工连续体上变化，因此，与直接通达或动机性判断相比，需要启发式或实质性加工的判断更有可能被情感所注入。文中考虑了目标、判断者和情境变量在采用高注入或低注入判断策略中的作用，并回顾了该模型的实证支持。讨论了情感注入模型与其他情感 - 认知理论之间的关系，并概述了对未来研究的启示。
