Kohno S, Varma A, Kwon-Chung K J, Hara K
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University, School of Medicine, Japan.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1994 Dec;68(12):1512-7. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.68.1512.
Previous epidemiological studies of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Japan showed that only C. neoformans var. neoformans is present and serotype A is the most common with frequencies in excess of 95%. A DNA fingerprinting method, using a genomic DNA probe (UT-4p), has become available recently which discriminates between individual isolates in a population that are morphologically and serologically indistinguishable. Fifty-two serotype A isolates of C. neoformans were obtained from three different institutions (in Nagasaki, Chiba, and Tokyo) in Japan. Only two of these strains were isolated from AIDS patients and one from pigeon excreta. Of the nine reported finger-printing patterns in serotype A, only three types (IV, V and VII) were observed in Japanese isolates. Pattern IV was almost exclusively observed in Nagasaki isolates (21/22) with only one of pattern VII. In Chiba, however, patterns VII and IV appeared to be equally distributed. In Tokyo, patterns IV and V (which included two isolates from AIDS patients) were observed at similar frequencies. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of four isolates of serotype AD showed a typical serotype A pattern which also contained a serotype D-specific band. This finding suggests the independence of serotype AD. These data could enhance the survey of the epidemiology of cryptococcosis.
此前日本针对新型隐球菌感染开展的流行病学研究表明，仅存在新型隐球菌变种新型隐球菌，且血清型A最为常见，其出现频率超过95%。一种利用基因组DNA探针（UT - 4p）的DNA指纹图谱方法最近已可用，该方法可区分在形态学和血清学上无法区分的群体中的各个分离株。从日本三个不同机构（长崎、千叶和东京）获取了52株血清型A的新型隐球菌分离株。其中只有两株分离自艾滋病患者，一株分离自鸽粪。在血清型A已报道的九种指纹图谱模式中，在日本分离株中仅观察到三种类型（IV、V和VII）。模式IV几乎仅在长崎分离株中观察到（21/22），仅一株为模式VII。然而，在千叶，模式VII和IV似乎分布均匀。在东京，模式IV和V（其中包括两株来自艾滋病患者的分离株）以相似的频率被观察到。对四株血清型AD分离株的限制性片段长度多态性分析显示出典型的血清型A模式，其中还包含一条血清型D特异性条带。这一发现表明血清型AD具有独立性。这些数据可加强对隐球菌病流行病学的调查。
