Gottesman I I
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;384:26-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05887.x.
Sociopolitical and ideological attacks on the various genetically oriented programs of research into the causes of schizophrenia, even when well-motivated to prevent genetic discrimination in all its forms, endangers the enterprise. Although there have been no replicated successes in finding genes linked or associated to markers for schizophrenia yet, the solid foundation for the fact that genetic factors are importantly involved in the etiology of schizophrenia derives from replicated studies using the strategies of genetic epidemiology--families, twins, adoptees. The models to emulate in schizophrenia research should follow the paths of researchers on coronary artery disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. All are complex diseases with multifactorial and multigenic components. Even when the necessary genotype is present, it may not be expressed as clinical disease at the phenotypic level.
对各种针对精神分裂症病因的基因导向研究项目的社会政治和意识形态攻击，即使其动机是良好的，旨在防止各种形式的基因歧视，也会危及这项事业。尽管目前尚未成功复制出与精神分裂症标志物相关联的基因，但基因因素在精神分裂症病因中起着重要作用这一事实有着坚实的基础，这些基础来自于采用遗传流行病学策略（家庭、双胞胎、领养者）进行的重复性研究。精神分裂症研究中值得效仿的模式应该沿着冠心病、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病研究者的路径。所有这些都是具有多因素和多基因成分的复杂疾病。即使存在必要的基因型，它在表型水平上也可能不会表现为临床疾病。
