Kruglikov I L, Dertinger H
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institute of Toxicology, Germany.
Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(6):539-47. doi: 10.1002/bem.2250150607.
The most important but still unresolved problem in bioelectromagnetics is the interaction of weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with living cells. Thermal and other types of noise pose restrictions in cell detection of weak signals. As a consequence, some extant experimental results that indicate low-intensity field effects cannot be accounted for, and this renders the results themselves questionable. One way out of this dead end is to search for possible mechanisms of signal amplification. In this paper, we discuss a general mechanism in which a weak signal is amplified by system noise itself. This mechanism was discovered several years ago in physics and is known, in its simplest form, as a stochastic resonance. It was shown that signal amplification may exceed a factor of 1000, which renders existing estimations of EMF thresholds highly speculative. The applicability of the stochastic resonance concept to cells is discussed particularly with respect to the possible role of the cell membrane in the amplification process.
生物电磁学中最重要但仍未解决的问题是弱电磁场（EMF）与活细胞的相互作用。热噪声和其他类型的噪声对微弱信号的细胞检测造成了限制。因此，一些表明低强度场效应的现有实验结果无法得到解释，这使得结果本身值得怀疑。摆脱这一困境的一种方法是寻找信号放大的可能机制。在本文中，我们讨论了一种一般机制，即微弱信号被系统噪声本身放大。这种机制是几年前在物理学中发现的，其最简单的形式被称为随机共振。结果表明，信号放大可能超过1000倍，这使得现有的电磁场阈值估计极具推测性。特别讨论了随机共振概念在细胞中的适用性，尤其是关于细胞膜在放大过程中可能发挥的作用。
