Lehrer P M, Carr R, Sargunaraj D, Woolfolk R L
Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5635.
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1994 Dec;19(4):353-401. doi: 10.1007/BF01776735.
This article evaluates the hypothesis that various stress management techniques have specific effects. Studies comparing various techniques are reviewed, as well as previous literature reviews evaluating the effects of individual techniques. There is evidence that cognitively oriented methods have specific cognitive effects, that specific autonomic effects result from autonomically oriented methods, and that specific muscular effects are produced by muscularly oriented methods. Muscle relaxation and/or EMG biofeedback have greater muscular effects and smaller autonomic effects than finger temperature biofeedback and/or autogenic training. EMG biofeedback produces greater effects on particular muscular groups than progressive relaxation, and thermal biofeedback has greater finger temperature effects than autogenic training. Disorders with a predominant muscular component (e.g., tension headaches) are treated more effectively by muscularly oriented methods, while disorders in which autonomic dysfunction predominates (e.g., hypertension, migraine headaches) are more effectively treated by techniques with a strong autonomic component. Anxiety and phobias tend to be most effectively treated by methods with both strong cognitive and behavioral components.
本文评估了各种压力管理技巧具有特定效果这一假设。回顾了比较各种技巧的研究，以及之前评估个别技巧效果的文献综述。有证据表明，认知导向型方法具有特定的认知效果，自主神经导向型方法会产生特定的自主神经效果，而肌肉导向型方法会产生特定的肌肉效果。与手指温度生物反馈和/或自生训练相比，肌肉放松和/或肌电图生物反馈具有更大的肌肉效果和更小的自主神经效果。肌电图生物反馈对特定肌肉群产生的效果比渐进性放松更大，而热生物反馈对手指温度产生的效果比自生训练更大。以肌肉为主导成分的疾病（如紧张性头痛）通过肌肉导向型方法治疗更有效，而自主神经功能障碍占主导的疾病（如高血压、偏头痛）通过具有强大自主神经成分的技巧治疗更有效。焦虑症和恐惧症往往通过具有强大认知和行为成分的方法治疗最有效。
