Noakes T D
MRC/UCT Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa.
Clin J Sport Med. 1995;5(2):123-8.
The belief that dehydration poses significant health risks for endurance athletes, especially marathon and ultramarathon runners, stems from the classical 1969 study of Wyndham and Strydom entitled "The Danger of an Inadequate Water Intake During Marathon Running." The subsequent influence of the paper relates more to its incorrect title than to its scientific content. For the authors did not study nor did they identify any dangers resulting from an inadequate water intake during marathon running. In fact, the most dehydrated runners in their studies were also the most successful, as they won the competitive races that were studied. The positive result of the study was to influence international rule changes to allow increased fluid intake during competitive running races. The less desirable effect was to induce a dogmatic zeal among sports medicine practitioners who began to extol the dangers of dehydration during exercise. The (il)logic spurring this zeal seems to have been the conclusion that progressive dehydration during exercise will cause heatstroke, which is the most important cause of collapse during exercise. Hence, (i) heatstroke during running can only be avoided if dehydration is prevented, and (ii) all persons who collapse in association with exercise will have a heat disorder, which must be treated with intravenous fluid therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
认为脱水会给耐力运动员，尤其是马拉松和超级马拉松跑者带来重大健康风险的观点，源于1969年温德姆和斯特里德姆发表的经典研究《马拉松跑步期间饮水不足的危险》。该论文随后产生的影响更多地与其错误标题有关，而非其科学内容。因为作者既没有研究也没有发现马拉松跑步期间饮水不足会导致任何危险。事实上，他们研究中脱水最严重的跑步者也是最成功的，因为他们赢得了所研究的竞技比赛。该研究的积极结果是影响了国际规则的改变，允许在竞技跑步比赛中增加液体摄入量。不太理想的影响是在运动医学从业者中引发了一种教条式的热情，他们开始大肆宣扬运动期间脱水的危险。激发这种热情的（不合）逻辑似乎是这样的结论：运动期间逐渐脱水会导致中暑，而中暑是运动期间虚脱的最重要原因。因此，（i）只有防止脱水才能避免跑步期间中暑，以及（ii）所有与运动相关而虚脱的人都会有热紊乱，必须用静脉输液疗法治疗。（摘要截选至250字）
