Joe G W, Simpson D D
Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Jan;37(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)01030-o.
HIV risks involving injection and sex behaviors were analyzed in relation to cocaine use and gender among 487 opiate-dependent clients in methadone treatment. Those who also used cocaine were at greater risk than non-cocaine users on HIV risky injection variables. Females were at more risk than males on the HIV risky sex behaviors involving unprotected sex in exchange for money or drugs and with injection users. There were interactions between cocaine use and gender, however, in relation to frequency of injecting with dirty works and sharing dirty works with strangers, as well as having unprotected sex for money or drugs, with injection users, and while intoxicated. HIV risks increased as a direct function of cocaine usage level among males, but not among females; instead, low-to-intermediate levels of cocaine use by females was associated with high-risk behaviors. Implications for HIV risk reduction interventions in drug treatment programs are discussed.
在487名接受美沙酮治疗的阿片类药物依赖患者中，分析了与注射和性行为相关的艾滋病毒风险，并与可卡因使用情况和性别进行了关联研究。在艾滋病毒感染风险较高的注射变量方面，同时使用可卡因的人比不使用可卡因的人风险更高。在涉及以金钱或毒品交换无保护性行为以及与注射吸毒者发生性行为的艾滋病毒感染风险较高的性行为方面，女性比男性风险更高。然而，在使用脏注射器注射的频率、与陌生人共用脏注射器、以及为金钱或毒品与注射吸毒者发生无保护性行为和在醉酒状态下发生性行为方面，可卡因使用与性别之间存在相互作用。男性的艾滋病毒感染风险随着可卡因使用水平的直接升高而增加，但女性并非如此；相反，女性低至中等水平的可卡因使用与高风险行为有关。文中讨论了对药物治疗项目中降低艾滋病毒感染风险干预措施的启示。
