Lagorio S, Fuselli S, Iavarone I, Vanacore N, Carere A
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma.
Med Lav. 1994 Sep-Oct;85(5):412-21.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies gasoline vapours and exhaust fumes from gasoline fueled automobiles as potential human carcinogens. Data on the chemical composition of gasoline marketed in Italy and especially on the concentration of benzene, are rather poor. Within the framework of an investigation aimed at assessing the mean annual level of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons among gasoline pump attendants, made on a sample of attendants in Rome between December 1991 and November 1992, samples of gasoline were also collected so as to determine the benzene content of the gasoline over the investigation period, assess the variability of benzene concentration in the various gasolines and according to the season of the year, and take account of gasoline composition in analysing the factors determining individual exposure levels of pump attendants. Benzene exposure was measured via gas chromatography of air samples obtained with personal pumps in the breathing zone. The mean benzene exposure level (8 h TWA) of the 27 subjects under study was 1.73 mg/m3 (SD = 5.53). The benzene concentration in the samples of gasoline, which were collected on the same day as personal exposure monitoring was performed, was measured by means of high resolution gas chromatography (hr-GC). Mean benzene levels of 25.03 g/l (SD = 3.47), equivalent to 2.86% by volume, were measured in 24 samples of alkylated gasoline, and mean levels of 23.18 g/l (SD = 3.93), equivalent to 2.65% v/v, were measured in 10 samples of lead-free gasoline. Statistically significant associations were found between individual exposure to benzene and the quantity of gasoline pumped (r = 0.69) and the quantity of benzene present in the gasoline sold on the day monitoring was performed (r = 0.70). Using regression analysis, the estimated increase in the level of personal benzene exposure was 0.01 mg/m3 for every increase of 100 g in the benzene content of the total amount of gasoline sold. This estimation could be used to quantify the expected reduction in benzene exposure levels in service station attendants following a reduction in the benzene content of gasoline.
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将汽油蒸汽和以汽油为燃料的汽车尾气归类为潜在的人类致癌物。关于在意大利销售的汽油的化学成分数据，尤其是苯的浓度数据相当匮乏。在一项旨在评估汽油泵工作人员中芳烃年均暴露水平的调查框架内，于1991年12月至1992年11月期间对罗马的一组工作人员样本进行了调查，同时还采集了汽油样本，以确定调查期间汽油中的苯含量，评估不同汽油中苯浓度的变异性以及根据一年中的季节变化情况，并在分析决定汽油泵工作人员个体暴露水平的因素时考虑汽油成分。通过对在呼吸带用个人泵采集的空气样本进行气相色谱分析来测量苯暴露量。所研究的27名受试者的平均苯暴露水平（8小时时间加权平均值）为1.73毫克/立方米（标准差=5.53）。在与个人暴露监测同一天采集的汽油样本中的苯浓度，通过高分辨率气相色谱法（hr-GC）进行测量。在24个烷基化汽油样本中测得的平均苯含量为25.03克/升（标准差=3.47），相当于体积分数2.86%；在10个无铅汽油样本中测得的平均含量为23.18克/升（标准差=3.93），相当于体积分数2.65%。在个体苯暴露量与泵送的汽油量（r = 0.69）以及监测当天销售的汽油中苯的含量（r = 0.70）之间发现了具有统计学意义的关联。使用回归分析，销售的汽油总量中苯含量每增加100克，个人苯暴露水平估计增加0.01毫克/立方米。该估计可用于量化随着汽油中苯含量降低，加油站工作人员苯暴露水平预期的降低幅度。
